BASH 1

中文man手册

NAME bash
概述(SYNOPSIS)
版权所有(COPYRIGHT)
描述(DESCRIPTION)
选项(OPTIONS)
参数(ARGUMENTS) 如果选项处理之后仍有参数剩余，并且没有指定 .B
启动(INVOCATION)
定义(DEFINITIONS)
保留字(
shell语法(
注释(COMMENTS) 在非交互的 shell 中或者使用内建命令 .B shopt 启用了 .B interactive_comments 选项的交互的 shell 中，以 .B # 起始的词使得这个词和所有同一行上所有剩余的字符都被忽略。没有启用 .B interactive_comments 选项的交互式 shell 不允许出现注释。这个选项在交互式 shell 中是默认启用的 (参见下面的 .SM .B
引用(QUOTING) 引用
参数(PARAMETERS) 一个参数 .I parameter 是一个储存值的实体。它可以是一个名称 .IR name , 一个数字或者是下面 .BR
扩展(EXPANSION) 命令行的扩展是在拆分成词之后进行的。有七种类型的扩展： .IR
重定向(REDIRECTION) 在命令执行前，它的输入和输出可能被 .I redirected (重定向)，使用一种 shell 可以解释的特殊记法。重定向也可以用于为当前 shell 执行环境打开和关闭文件。下列重定向操作符可以前置或者放在 .I simple command (简单命令) 之中的任何位置，或者放在 .IR command 之后。重定向是以出现的顺序进行处理的，从左到右。 .PP 下列描述中，如果文件描述符被忽略，并且第一个重定向操作符是 .BR < , 那么重定向指的是标准输入 (文件描述符是 0)。如果重定向操作符的第一个字符是 .BR > , 那么重定向指的是标准输出 (文件描述符是 1)。 .PP 下列描述中，重定向操作符之后的词如果没有特殊说明，都要经过 brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, 还有 word splitting。如果扩展为多于一个词， .B bash 将报错。 .PP 注意重定向的顺序非常重要。例如，命令 .RS .PP ls
别名(ALIASES)
函数(FUNCTIONS) 一个 shell 函数，以上面 .SM .BR
算术求值(
条件表达式(
简单命令扩展(
命令执行(COMMAND EXECUTION)
命令执行环境(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT)
环境(ENVIRONMENT) 当一个程序执行时，它被赋予一个字符串数组，成为环境 .IR environment 。它是一个名称-值对 (
退出状态(
信号(SIGNALS) 如果
作业控制(
提示符(PROMPTING) 在交互执行时， .B bash 在准备好读入一条命令时显示主提示符 .SM .B PS1，在需要更多的输入来完成一条命令时显示 .SM .B PS2。 .B Bash 允许通过插入一些反斜杠转义的特殊字符来定制这些提示字符串，这些字符被如下解释： .RS .PD 0 .TP .B
readline库(READLINE) 这是在交互 shell 中处理读取输入的库，除非在 shell 启动时给出了 .B
历史(HISTORY) 当启用内建命令 .B set 的 .B
历史扩展(
shell 内建命令(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS)
受限的shell(RESTRICTED SHELL)
参见(
文件(FILES)
作者(AUTHORS)
报告BUGS (BUG REPORTS)
BUGS .PP 它太大了，并且有点慢。 .PP .B bash 和传统版本的 .BR sh 之间有一些细微的差别，大部分是因为 .SM .B POSIX 规约的要求。 .PP 别名机制在一些应用中会混淆。 .PP Shell 内建命令和函数不可终止/重新开始。 .PP 组合的命令和使用 `a ; b ; c' 形式的命令序列在进程试图暂停时不能很好处理。当一个进程中止，shell 会立即执行序列中的下一条命令。也可以将命令的序列放在圆括号中，来强制启动子 shell，这样就可以将它们作为一个单元中止了。 .PP 在
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BASH

NAME
æ¦è¿°(SYNOPSIS)
çæææ(COPYRIGHT)
æè¿°(DESCRIPTION)
éé¡¹(OPTIONS)
åæ°(ARGUMENTS)
å¯å¨(INVOCATION)
å®ä¹(DEFINITIONS)
ä¿çå("RESERVED WORDS")
shellè¯æ³("SHELL GRAMMAR")
Simple Commands ç®åå½ä»¤
Pipelines ç®¡é
Lists åºå
Compound Commands å¤åå½ä»¤
æ³¨é(COMMENTS)
å¼ç¨(QUOTING)
åæ°(PARAMETERS)
Positional Parameters ä½ç½®åæ°
Special Parameters ç¹æ®åæ°
Shell Variables åé
Arrays
æ©å±(EXPANSION)
Brace Expansion
Tilde Expansion
Parameter Expansion
Command Substitution
Arithmetic Expansion
Process Substitution
Word Splitting
Pathname Expansion
Quote Removal
éå®å(REDIRECTION)
Redirecting Input
Redirecting Output
Appending Redirected Output (æ·»å å°éå®ååçè¾åºå°¾é¨)
Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error
Here Documents
Here Strings
Duplicating File Descriptors (å¤å¶æä»¶æè¿°ç¬¦)
Moving File Descriptors
Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing
å«å(ALIASES)
å½æ°(FUNCTIONS)
ç®æ¯æ±å¼("ARITHMETIC EVALUATION")
æ¡ä»¶è¡¨è¾¾å¼("CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS")
ç®åå½ä»¤æ©å±("SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION")
å½ä»¤æ§è¡(COMMAND EXECUTION)
å½ä»¤æ§è¡ç¯å¢(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT)
ç¯å¢(ENVIRONMENT)
éåºç¶æ("EXIT STATUS")
ä¿¡å·(SIGNALS)
ä½ä¸æ§å¶("JOB CONTROL")
æç¤ºç¬¦(PROMPTING)
readlineåº(READLINE)
Readline Notation
Readline Initialization åå§å
Readline Key Bindings
Readline Variables
Readline Conditional Constructs
Searching
Readline Command Names
Commands for Moving ç§»å¨
Commands for Manipulating the History æçºµåå²è¡
Commands for Changing Text æ¹åææ¬
Killing and Yanking åªååç²è´´
Numeric Arguments æ°å¼åæ°
Completing è¡¥å¨
Keyboard Macros å®
Miscellaneous
Programmable Completion å¯ç¼ç¨è¡¥å¨
åå²(HISTORY)
åå²æ©å±("HISTORY EXPANSION")
Event Designators
Word Designators
ä¿®é¥°ç¬¦ (Modifiers)
shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS)
åéçshell(RESTRICTED SHELL)
åè§("SEE ALSO")
æä»¶(FILES)
ä½è(AUTHORS)
æ¥åBUGS (BUG REPORTS)
BUGS
[ä¸æçç»´æ¤äºº]
[ä¸æçææ°æ´æ°]
ãä¸å½linuxè®ºåmanæåé¡µç¿»è¯è®¡åã:
è·

NAME

bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell (GNU å½ä»¤è§£éç¨åº “Bourneäºä¸”)

æ¦è¿°(SYNOPSIS)

bash [options] [file]

çæææ(COPYRIGHT)

æè¿°(DESCRIPTION)

Bash æ¯ä¸ä¸ªä¸ sh å¼å®¹çå½ä»¤è§£éç¨åºï¼å¯ä»¥æ§è¡ä»æ åè¾å¥æèæä»¶ä¸- è¯»åçå½ä»¤ã Bash ä¹æ´åäº Korn å C Shell (ksh å csh) ä¸çä¼ç§ç¹æ§ã

Bash çç®æ æ¯æä¸ºéµå¾ª IEEE POSIX Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group 1003.2ï¼å¯ç§»æ¤æä½ç³»ç»è§çº¦ï¼ shell åå·¥å·) çå®ç°ã

éé¡¹(OPTIONS)

é¤äºå¨ set åå»ºå½ä»¤çææ¡£ä¸è®²è¿°çååç¬¦éé¡¹ (option) ä¹å¤ï¼bash å¨å¯å¨æ¶è¿è§£éä¸åéé¡¹ã

	-c string		å¦ææ -c éé¡¹ï¼é£ä¹å½ä»¤å°ä» string ä¸è¯»åãå¦æ string åé¢æåæ° (argument)ï¼å®ä»¬å°ç¨äºç»ä½ç½®åæ° (positional parameterï¼ä»¥ $0 èµ·å§) èµå¼ã
	-i		å¦ææ -i éé¡¹ï¼shell å°äº¤äºå°æ§è¡ ( interactive )ã
	-l		éé¡¹ä½¿å¾ bash ä»¥ç±»ä¼¼ç»å½ shell (login shell) çæ¹å¼å¯å¨ (åè§ä¸é¢ç å¯å¨(INVOCATION) ç« è)ã
	-r		å¦ææ -r éé¡¹ï¼shell æä¸ºåéç ( restricted ) (åè§ä¸é¢ç åéçshell(RESTRICTED SHELL) ç« è)ã
	-s		å¦ææ -s éé¡¹ï¼æèå¦æéé¡¹å¤çå®ä»¥åï¼æ²¡æåæ°å©ä½ï¼é£ä¹å½ä»¤å°ä»æåè¾å¥è¯»åã è¿ä¸ªéé¡¹åè®¸å¨å¯å¨ä¸ä¸ªäº¤äº shell æ¶å¯ä»¥è®¾ç½®ä½ç½®åæ°ã
	-D		åæ åè¾åºæå°ä¸ä¸ªä»¥ $ ä¸ºåå¯¼çï¼ä»¥åå¼å·å¼ç¨çåç¬¦ä¸²åè¡¨ã è¿æ¯å¨å½åè¯è¨ç¯å¢ä¸æ¯ C æ POSIX æ¶ï¼èæ¬ä¸éè¦ç¿»è¯çåç¬¦ä¸²ã è¿ä¸ªéé¡¹éå«äº -n éé¡¹ï¼ä¸ä¼æ§è¡å½ä»¤ã

[-+]O [shopt_option]

shopt_option æ¯ä¸ä¸ª shopt åå»ºå½ä»¤å¯æ¥åçéé¡¹ (åè§ä¸é¢ç shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ç« è)ã å¦ææ shopt_optionï¼-O å°è®¾ç½®é£ä¸ªéé¡¹çåå¼ï¼ +O åæ¶å®ã å¦ææ²¡æç»åº shopt_optionï¼shopt å°å¨æ åè¾åºä¸æå°è®¾ä¸ºåè®¸çéé¡¹çåç§°åå¼ã å¦æå¯å¨éé¡¹æ¯ +Oï¼è¾åºå°ä»¥ä¸ç§å¯ä»¥éç¨ä¸ºè¾å¥çæ ¼å¼æ¾ç¤ºã

Bash ä¹è§£éä¸äºå¤åèçéé¡¹ãå¨å½ä»¤è¡ä¸ï¼è¿äºéé¡¹å¿é¡»ç½®äºéè¦è¢«è¯å«çåå- ç¬¦åæ°ä¹åã
--dump-po-strings

çä»·äº -Dï¼ä½æ¯è¾åºæ¯ GNU gettext po (å¯ç§»æ¤å¯¹è±¡) æä»¶æ ¼å¼

--dump-strings

çä»·äº -D

--help

å¨æ åè¾åºæ¾ç¤ºç¨æ³ä¿¡æ¯å¹¶æåéåº

--init-file file
--rcfile file

å¦æ shell æ¯äº¤äºçï¼æ§è¡ file ä¸çå½ä»¤ï¼èä¸æ¯æ åçä¸ªäººåå§åæä»¶ ˜/.bashrc (åè§ä¸é¢ç å¯å¨(INVOCATION) ç« è)

--login

çä»·äº -l

--noediting

å¦æ shell æ¯äº¤äºçï¼ä¸ä½¿ç¨ GNU readline åºæ¥è¯»å½ä»¤è¡

--noprofile

ä¸è¯»åç³»ç»èå´çå¯å¨æä»¶ /etc/profile æèä»»ä½ä¸ªäººåå§åæä»¶ ˜/.bash_profile, ˜/.bash_login, æ ˜/.profile ãé»è®¤æåµä¸ï¼ bash å¨ä½ä¸ºç»å½ shell å¯å¨æ¶è¯»åè¿äºæä»¶ (åè§ä¸é¢ç å¯å¨(INVOCATION) ç« è)

--norc

--posix

å¦æé»è®¤æä½ä¸ POSIX 1003.2 æ åä¸åçè¯ï¼æ¹å bash çè¡ä¸ºæ¥ç¬¦åæ å (posix mode)

--restricted

shell æä¸ºåéç (åè§ä¸é¢ç åéçshell(RESTRICTED SHELL) ç« è)

--rpm-requires

--verbose

çä»·äº -v

--version

å¨æ åè¾åºæ¾ç¤ºæ¤ bash ççæ¬ä¿¡æ¯å¹¶æåéåºã

åæ°(ARGUMENTS)

å¯å¨(INVOCATION)

login shell ç»å½ shellï¼åæ°é¶çç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªåç¬¦æ¯ - ï¼æèå¯å¨æ¶æå®äº --login éé¡¹ç shellã

ä¸åæ®µè½æè¿°äº bash å¦ä½æ§è¡å®çå¯å¨æä»¶ãå¦æè¿äºå¯å¨æä»¶ä¸çä»»ä¸ä¸ªå- å¨ä½æ¯ä¸å¯è¯»åï¼ bash å°æ¥åä¸ä¸ªéè¯¯ãæä»¶åä¸çæ³¢æµªå· (˜,tilde) å°å EXPANSION ç« èä¸ Tilde Expansion æ®µæè¿°çé£æ ·å±å¼ã

å½ bash æ¯ä½ä¸ºäº¤äºçç»å½ shell å¯å¨çï¼æèæ¯ä¸ä¸ªéäº¤äºç shell ä½æ¯æå®äº --login éé¡¹ï¼ å®é¦åè¯»åå¹¶æ§è¡ /etc/profile ä¸çå½ä»¤ï¼åªè¦é£ä¸ªæä»¶å- å¨ã è¯»åé£ä¸ªæä»¶ä¹åï¼å®ä»¥å¦ä¸çé¡ºåºæ¥æ¾ ˜/.bash_profile, ˜/.bash_login, å ˜/.profile, ä»åå¨å¹¶ä¸å¯è¯»çç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªæä»¶ä¸- è¯»åå¹¶æ§è¡å¶ä¸çå½ä»¤ã --noprofile éé¡¹å¯ä»¥ç¨æ¥å¨ shell å¯å¨æ¶é»æ- ¢å®è¿æ ·åã

å½ä¸ä¸ªç»å½ shell éåºæ¶ï¼ bash è¯»åå¹¶æ§è¡æä»¶ ˜/.bash_logout ä¸- çå½ä»¤ï¼åªè¦å®åå¨ã

å½ä¸ä¸ªäº¤äºç shell ä½ä¸æ¯ç»å½ shell å¯å¨æ¶ï¼ bash ä»æä»¶ ˜/.bashrc ä¸- è¯»åå¹¶æ§è¡å½ä»¤ï¼åªè¦å®åå¨ãå¯ä»¥ç¨ --norc éé¡¹æ¥é»æ¢å®è¿æ ·åã --rcfile file éé¡¹å°å¼ºå¶ bash è¯»åå¹¶æ§è¡æä»¶ file ä¸çå½ä»¤ï¼èä¸æ¯ ˜/.bashrc ä¸çã

if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi

ä½æ¯æ²¡æä½¿ç¨ PATH åéçå¼æ¥æç´¢é£ä¸ªæä»¶åã

å½ bash ä»¥ posix æ¨¡å¼å¯å¨æ¶,(åä½¿ç¨ --posix å½ä»¤è¡åæ°ææç¸å),å®éµå¾ª POSIX æ å. è¿ç§æ¨¡å¼ä¸,äº¤äºå¼ shell æ©å± ENV ç¯å¢åéçå¼,è¯»åå¹¶æ§è¡ä»¥æ©å±åå¼ä¸ºæä»¶åçéç½®æä»¶. ä¸ä¼è¯»åå¶ä»æä»¶.

å®ä¹(DEFINITIONS)

ä¸åå®ä¹å¨ææ¡£ä½ä¸é¨åä¸éç¨.
blank ç©ºç½

ä¸ä¸ªç©ºæ ¼ææ¯ tab .

word è¯

name åç§°

ä¸ä¸ªåªç±åæ¯,æ°ååä¸åçº¿ææçè¯,å¹¶ä¸ä»¥åç¬¦æä¸åçº¿èµ·å§. ä¹ç§°ä¸ºä¸ä¸ª word identifieræ è¯ç¬¦.

metacharacter ååç¬¦

ä¸ä¸ªåç¬¦, å¦æä¸æ¯å¼ç¨çè¯, å°æä¸ºè¯çåéç¬¦. å®æ¯å¦ä¸åç¬¦ä¹ä¸:
| & ; ( ) < > space tab

control operator æ§å¶æä½ç¬¦

ä¸ä¸ª token(æ è¯), æ¥ææ§å¶åè½. å®æ¯å¦ä¸ç¬¦å·ä¹ä¸:
|| & && ; ;; ( ) | <newline>

ä¿çå("RESERVED WORDS")

Reserved words(ä¿çå) æ¯å¯¹ shell æç¹æ®æä¹çè¯. ä¸åè¯è¢«è¯å«ä¸ºä¿çç, å¦æä¸æ¯å¼ç¨, å¹¶ä¸ä¸æ¯ä¸ä¸ªç®åå½ä»¤çèµ·å§è¯ (åè§ä¸é¢ç shellè¯æ³("SHELL GRAMMAR") ), ä¹ä¸æ¯ case æè for å½ä»¤çç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªè¯:

! case do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } time [[ ]]

shellè¯æ³("SHELL GRAMMAR")

Simple Commands ç®åå½ä»¤

simple command(ç®åå½ä»¤) æ¯(å¯éç)ä¸ç³»ååéèµå¼, ç´§æ¥çæ¯ blank(ç©ºæ ¼) åéçè¯åéå®å, ç¶åä»¥ä¸ä¸ª control operator ç»æ. ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªè¯ææäºè¦æ§è¡çå½ä»¤, å®è¢«ä½ä¸ºç¬¬ 0 ä¸ªåæ°. å¶ä½è¯è¢«ä½ä¸ºè¿ä¸ªå½ä»¤çåæ°.

simple command ç®åå½ä»¤çè¿åå¼æ¯å®çéåºç¶æ, ææ¯ 128+n, å¦æå½ä»¤è¢« signal(ä¿¡å·) n ç»æçè¯.

Pipelines ç®¡é

pipeline(ç®¡é) æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæå¤ä¸ªå½ä»¤çåºåï¼ç¨åç¬¦ | åéãç®¡éçæ ¼å¼æ¯è¿æ ·:

[time [-p]] [ ! ] command [ | command2 ... ]

å½ä»¤ command çæ åè¾åºéè¿ç®¡éè¿æ¥å°å½ä»¤ command2 çæ åè¾å¥ãè¿æ¥æ¯å¨å½ä»¤æå®çä»»ä½éå®åä¹åè¿è¡ç(åè§ä¸é¢ç REDIRECTION éå®å)ã

å¦æä¿çå time ä½ä¸ºç®¡éåç¼ï¼ç®¡éä¸æ¢åå°ç»åºæ§è¡ç®¡éèè´¹çç¨æ·åç³»ç»æ¶é´ã éé¡¹ -p å°ä½¿è¾åºç¬¦å POSIX æå®çæ ¼å¼ã ç¯å¢åé TIMEFORMAT å¯ä»¥è®¾ç½®ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªæ ¼å¼åç¬¦ä¸²ï¼æå®æ¶é´ä¿¡æ¯åºå½å¦ä½æ¾ç¤ºï¼åè§ä¸é¢ç Shell Variables ç¯å¢åé ä¸ TIMEFORMAT çè®²è¿°ã

Lists åºå

list(åºå)æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæå¤ä¸ªç®¡éï¼ç¨æä½ç¬¦ ;, &, &&, æ ⎪⎪ åéçåºå, å¹¶ä¸å¯ä»¥éæ©ç¨ ;, &, æ <newline>æ°è¡ç¬¦ç»æ.

æ§å¶æä½ç¬¦ && å ⎪⎪ åå«ä»£è¡¨ AND å OR åºåãä¸ä¸ª AND åºåçå½¢å¼æ¯

command1 && command2

command2 åªæå¨ command1 è¿å 0 æ¶æè¢«æ§è¡ã

ä¸ä¸ª OR åºåçå½¢å¼æ¯

command1 ⎪⎪ command2

command2 åªæå¨ command1 è¿åé 0 ç¶ææ¶æè¢«æ§è¡ãAND å OR åºåçè¿åç¶ææ¯åºåä¸æåæ§è¡çå½ä»¤çè¿åç¶æã

Compound Commands å¤åå½ä»¤

compound command(å¤åå½ä»¤) æ¯å¦ä¸æåµä¹ä¸ï¼

(list)

{ list; }

((expression))

è¡¨è¾¾å¼ expression å°è¢«æ±å¼ãæ±å¼è§åå¨ä¸é¢ç ç®æ¯æ±å¼ (ARITHMETIC EVALUATION) ç« èä¸æè¿°ãå¦æè¡¨è¾¾å¼çå¼éé¶ï¼è¿åå¼å°±æ¯ 0ï¼å¦åè¿åå¼æ¯ 1ãè¿ç§åæ³å let "expression" çä»·ã

[[ expression ]]

! expression

è¿åçï¼å¦æè¡¨è¾¾å¼ expression è¿ååã

expression1 && expression2

è¿åçï¼å¦æè¡¨è¾¾å¼ expression1 å expression2 é½è¿åçã

expression1 || expression2

è¿åçï¼å¦æè¡¨è¾¾å¼ expression1 æè expression2 äºèä¹ä¸è¿åçã

&&(ä¸) å || æä½ç¬¦ä¸ä¼å¯¹è¡¨è¾¾å¼ expression2 æ±å¼ï¼å¦æ expression1 å¯ä»¥å³å®æ´ä¸ªæ¡ä»¶è¡¨è¾¾å¼çè¿åå¼çè¯ã

for name [ in word ] ; do list ; done

for (( expr1 ; expr2 ; expr3 )) ; do list ; done

select name [ in word ] ; do list ; done

case word in [ [(] pattern [ | pattern ] ... ) list ;; ] ... esac

if list; then list; [ elif list; then list; ] ... [ else list; ] fi

while list; do list; done
until list; do list; done

[ function ] name () { list; }

æ³¨é(COMMENTS)

å¨éäº¤äºç shell ä¸æèä½¿ç¨åå»ºå½ä»¤ shopt å¯ç¨äº interactive_comments éé¡¹çäº¤äºç shell ä¸ï¼ä»¥ # èµ·å§çè¯ä½¿å¾è¿ä¸ªè¯åææåä¸è¡ä¸ææå©ä½çå- ç¬¦é½è¢«å¿½ç¥ãæ²¡æå¯ç¨ interactive_comments éé¡¹çäº¤äºå¼ shell ä¸åè®¸åºç°æ³¨éãè¿ä¸ªéé¡¹å¨äº¤äºå¼ shell ä¸æ¯é»è®¤å¯ç¨ç (åè§ä¸é¢ç shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ç« è)ã

å¼ç¨(QUOTING)

ä¸é¢å¨ DEFINITIONS å®ä¹ ä¸ååºçæ¯ä¸ªååç¬¦ metacharacters å¯¹äº shell é½æç¹æ®æä¹ãå¦æè¦è¡¨è¾¾å®çæ¬ä¹ï¼å¿é¡»å¼ç¨å®ã

æä¸ç§å¼ç¨æºå¶ï¼è½¬ä¹åç¬¦ (escape character), åå¼å·ååå¼å·ã

ç¹æ®çåæ° * å @ å¨åå¼å·ä¸æç¹æ®æä¹(åè§ä¸é¢ç PARAMETERS åæ° ç« è)ã

	\a		alert (bell) åé
	\b		backspace åé
	\e		an escape character åç¬¦ Esc
	\f		form feed è¿çº¸
	\n		new line æ°è¡ç¬¦
	\r		carriage return åè½¦
	\t		horizontal tab æ°´å¹³è·³æ ¼
	\v		vertical tab ç«ç´è·³æ ¼
	\\		backslash åææ
	\’		single quote åå¼å·
	\nnn		ä¸ä¸ªå«æ¯ç¹åç¬¦ï¼å®çå¼æ¯å«è¿å¶å¼ nnn (ä¸å°ä¸ä¸ªæ°å)ã
	\xHH		ä¸ä¸ªå«æ¯ç¹åç¬¦ï¼å®çå¼æ¯ååè¿å¶å¼ HH (ä¸å°ä¸¤ä¸ªååè¿å¶æ°å- )ã
	\cx		ä¸ä¸ª ctrl-x åç¬¦

æ©å±ç»ææ¯åå¼å·å¼ç¨çï¼å°±å¥½å $ ç¬¦å·ä¸åå¨ä¸æ ·ã

åæ°(PARAMETERS)

ä¸ä¸ªåæ° parameter æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå¨åå¼çå®ä½ãå®å¯ä»¥æ¯ä¸ä¸ªåç§° name, ä¸ä¸ªæ°å- æèæ¯ä¸é¢ Special Parameters ç¹æ®åæ° ç« èä¸ååºçç¹æ®åç¬¦ä¹ä¸ãä» shell çè§åº¦æ¥çï¼ä¸ä¸ªåé variable æ¯ä¸ä¸ªç±åç§° name ä»£è¡¨çåæ°ãä¸ä¸ªåéæä¸ä¸ªå¼ value ä»¥åé¶ä¸ªæå¤ä¸ªå±æ§ attibutesãå±æ§å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨åå»ºå½ä»¤ declare æ¥è®¾ç½®(åè§ä¸é¢ shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ç« èä¸å¯¹ declare çæè¿°)ã

ä¸ä¸ªåé variable å¯ä»¥ç¨è¿æ ·çè¯å¥å½¢å¼æ¥èµå¼ï¼

name=[value]

å¦ææ²¡æç»åºå¼ valueï¼ åéå°±è¢«èµä¸ºç©ºåç¬¦ä¸²ãææå¼ values é½ç»è¿äºæ³¢æµªçº¿æ©å±ï¼åæ°ååéæ©å±ï¼å½ä»¤æ¿æ¢ï¼ç®æ¯æ©å±åå¼ç¨çåé¤(åè§ä¸é¢ç EXPANSION æ©å± ç« è)ãå¦æåéè®¾ç½®äº integer æ´æ° å±æ§ï¼é£ä¹å¼ value å°è¿è¡ç®æ¯æ©å±ï¼å³ä½¿æ²¡æåºç¨ $((...)) æ©å± (åè§ä¸é¢ç Arithmetic Expansion ç®æ¯æ©å± ç« è)ã ä¸ä¼è¿è¡è¯çæåï¼é¤éæ¯ä¸é¢ Special Parameters ç¹æ®åæ° ä¸æå°ç "$@"ã ä¸ä¼è¿è¡è·¯å¾çæ©å±ãèµå¼è¯å¥ä¹åºç°å¨ä¸ååå»ºå½ä»¤ä¸- ï¼ä½ä¸ºå®ä»¬çåæ°ï¼ declare, typeset, export, readonly, å local ã

Positional Parameters ä½ç½®åæ°

Special Parameters ç¹æ®åæ°

	*		æ©å±ä¸ºä½ç½®åæ°ï¼ä» 1 å¼å§ãå¦ææ©å±åçå¨åå¼å·ä¸- ï¼å®æ©å±ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªè¯ï¼å¼æ¯åä¸ªåæ°ï¼ä»¥ç¹æ®åé IFS çç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªå- ç¬¦åéãä¹å°±æ¯è¯´ï¼"$" çä»·äº "$1c$2c..."ï¼è¿é c æ¯åé IFS* çç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªåç¬¦ãå¦ææ²¡æè®¾ç½® IFSï¼ é£ä¹åæ°å°ç¨ç©ºæ ¼åéã IFS
	@		æ©å±ä¸ºä½ç½®åæ°ï¼ä» 1 å¼å§ãå¦ææ©å±åçå¨åå¼å·ä¸- ï¼æ¯ä¸ªåæ°é½å°æ©å±ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªè¯ãä¹å°±æ¯è¯´ï¼ "$@" çä»·äº "$1" "$2" ... å¦æä½ç½®åæ°ä¸åå¨ï¼"$@" å $@ æ©å±ä¸ºç©º (å³ï¼å®ä»¬è¢«å é¤äº)ã
	#		æ©å±ä¸ºä½ç½®åæ°çä¸ªæ°ï¼ä»¥åè¿å¶è¡¨ç¤ºã
	?		æ©å±ä¸ºæè¿æ§è¡çåå°ç®¡éçç¶æã
	-		æ©å±ä¸ºå½åéé¡¹æ å¿ãæ å¿æ¯å¨å¯å¨æ¶æä»¥åå»ºå½ä»¤ set æå®çï¼æèæ¯ shell èªèº«è®¾ç½®ç (ä¾å¦éé¡¹ -i )ã
	$		æ©å±ä¸º shell çè¿ç¨ IDãå¨ä¸ä¸ª () å shell ä¸ï¼å®æ©å±ä¸ºå½å shell ç è¿ç¨ ID èä¸æ¯å shell çã
	!		æ©å±ä¸ºæè¿ä¸æ¬¡æ§è¡çåå° (å¼æ¥) å½ä»¤çè¿ç¨å·ã
	0		æ©å±ä¸º shell æè shell èæ¬çåç§°ãè¿ä¸ªåéæ¯å¨ shell åå§åæ¶è®¾ç½®çãå¦æ bash æ¯æ§è¡èæ¬æä»¶æ¶å¯å¨çï¼ $0 å°è®¾ç½®ä¸ºé£ä¸ªæä»¶çåç§°ãå¦æ bash å¯å¨æ¶çåæ°åå« -cï¼ é£ä¹ $0 è¢«è®¾ç½®ä¸ºå¯å¨å½ä»¤è¡è¢«æ§è¡åçç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªåæ°ï¼å¦ææçè¯ãå¦åï¼å®è¢«è®¾ç½®ä¸ºç¨æ¥å¯å¨ bash çæä»¶åï¼å°±æ¯åæ° 0ã
	_		shell å¯å¨æ¶ï¼è®¾ç½®ä¸º shell æåæ°ä¸è¢«æ§è¡ç shell èæ¬çç»å¯¹è·¯å¾åã ç¶åï¼å¨æ©å±æ¶æ©å±ä¸ºä¸ä¸ä¸ªå½ä»¤çæåä¸ä¸ªåæ°ãå®ä¹è¢«è®¾ç½®ä¸ºè¢«æ§è¡çæ¯ä¸ªå½ä»¤çæä»¶å¨åå¹¶ä¸ è¢«è®¾ç½®å°è¿ä¸ªå½ä»¤æ§è¡çç¯å¢å½ä¸ãå½æ£æ¥é®ä»¶æ¶ï¼è¿ä¸ªåæ°ä¿åçæ- £å¨æ£æ¥çé®ä»¶æä»¶çåç§°ã

Shell Variables åé

shell å®ä¹äºä¸ååéï¼

BASH

æ©å±ä¸ºç¨æ¥å¯å¨å½å bash å®ä¾çæä»¶å¨åã

BASH_VERSINFO

	BASH_VERSINFO[0]		ä¸»çæ¬å· (release).
	BASH_VERSINFO[1]		æ¬¡çæ¬å· (version).
	BASH_VERSINFO[2]		è¡¥ä¸çæ¬
	BASH_VERSINFO[3]		ç¼è¯ä¿¡æ¯
	BASH_VERSINFO[4]		åå¸æ¶çç¶æ (ä¾å¦, beta1).
	BASH_VERSINFO[5]		MACHTYPE å¹³å°ç±»å

BASH_VERSION

COMP_CWORD

${COMP_WORDS} çç´¢å¼ï¼æåå½ååæ ä½ç½®æå¨çè¯ã è¿ä¸ªåéåªæå¨è¢«å¯ç¼ç¨è¡¥å¨åè½ (åè§ä¸é¢ç Programmable Completion ç« è) è°ç¨ç shell å½æ°ä¸æå¯ç¨ã

COMP_LINE

COMP_POINT

COMP_WORDS

DIRSTACK

EUID

FUNCNAME

GROUPS

HISTCMD

HOSTNAME

èªå¨è®¾ç½®ä¸ºå½åçä¸»æºåã

HOSTTYPE

LINENO

MACHTYPE

	OLDPWD		ä¸ä¸æ¬¡å½ä»¤ cd è®¾ç½®çå·¥ä½ç®å½ã
	OPTARG		åå»ºå½ä»¤ getopts å¤ççæåä¸ä¸ªéé¡¹åæ°å¼ (åè§ä¸é¢ç shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ç« è)ã
	OPTIND		åå»ºå½ä»¤ getopts å°å¤ççä¸ä¸ä¸ªåæ°çç´¢å¼ (åè§ä¸é¢ç shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ç« è)ã
	OSTYPE		èªå¨è®¾ç½®çä¸ä¸ªåç¬¦ä¸²ï¼æè¿°äºæ£å¨è¿è¡ bash çæä½ç³»ç»ãé»è®¤å¼æ¯ç³»ç»ç¸å³çã

PIPESTATUS

	PPID		shell çç¶è¿ç¨çè¿ç¨å·ãè¿ä¸ªåéæ¯åªè¯»çã
	PWD		ç± cd å½ä»¤è®¾ç½®çå½åå·¥ä½ç®å½ã
	RANDOM		æ¯æ¬¡å¼ç¨è¿ä¸ªåæ°æ¶ï¼é½ä¼äº§çä¸ä¸ª 0 å° 32767 ä¹é´çéæºæ´æ°ãå¯ä»¥éè¿å RANDOM èµå¼æ¥åå§åéæºæ°åºåãå¦æåæ¶äº RANDOM çå®ä¹ï¼å®å°±å¤±å»äºç¹æ®çæä¹ï¼å³ä½¿åæ¥éæ°å®ä¹å®ã
	REPLY		åéçå¼å°ä½ä¸ºåå»ºå½ä»¤ read çè¾å¥ï¼å¦æå½ä»¤æ²¡æåæ°çè¯ã

SECONDS

SHELLOPTS

	SHLVL		æ¯æ¬¡å¯å¨ä¸ä¸ª bash çå®ä¾æ¶é½ä¼å¢å ã
	UID		æ©å±ä¸ºå½åç¨æ·ç IDï¼å¨å¯å¨æ¶åå§åãè¿ä¸ªåéæ¯åªè¯»çã

ä¸ååéè¢« shell ä½¿ç¨ãææ¶ bash ä¼ä¸ºåéèµé»è®¤å¼ï¼è¿äºæåµå¨ä¸é¢ä¼æ åºã
BASH_ENV

CDPATH

COLUMNS

COMPREPLY

FCEDIT

åå»ºå½ä»¤ fc é»è®¤çç¼è¾å¨ã

FIGNORE

GLOBIGNORE

HISTCONTROL

HISTFILE

ä¿åå½ä»¤åå²çæä»¶å (åè§ä¸é¢ç HISTORY åå² ç« è)ãé»è®¤å¼æ¯ ˜/.bash_historyãå¦æåæ¶å®ä¹ï¼å¨äº¤äºå¼ shell éåºæ¶ å½ä»¤åå²å°ä¸ä¼ä¿åã

HISTFILESIZE

HISTIGNORE

HISTSIZE

å½ä»¤åå²ä¸ä¿åçåå²æ°é (åè§ä¸é¢ç HISTORY åå² ç« è)ãé»è®¤å¼æ¯ 500ã

HOME

HOSTFILE

IFS

åé¨åæ®µåéç¬¦ Internal Field Separator ç¨æ¥å¨æ©å±ä¹åè¿è¡åè¯ï¼ä½¿ç¨åé¨å½ä»¤ read å°è¡ååæè¯ãé»è®¤å¼æ¯ ‘‘<space><tab><newline>’’ã

IGNOREEOF

INPUTRC

readline çå¯å¨éç½®æä»¶ï¼èä¸æ¯é»è®¤ç ˜/.inputrc (åè§ä¸é¢ç READLINE ç« è)ã

	LANG		ç¨æ¥å³å®æ²¡æç¹å°ç¨ LC_ åéæå®çè¯è¨ç¯å¢é¡¹ã
	LC_ALL		è¿ä¸ªåéè¶è¶äº LANG åææå¶ä»æå®è¯è¨ç¯å¢é¡¹ç LC_ åéã

LC_COLLATE

LC_CTYPE

LC_MESSAGES

LC_NUMERIC

è¿ä¸ªåéå³å®äºæ ¼å¼åæ°åæ¶çè¯è¨ç¯å¢åç±»ã

	LINES		åå»ºå½ä»¤ select ç¨å®æ¥å¤æè¾åºéæ©åè¡¨æ¶çåå®½åº¦ãå¨æ¶å° SIGWINCH ä¿¡å·æ¶èªå¨è®¾ç½®ã
	MAIL		å¦æè¿ä¸ªåæ°è®¾ç½®ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªæä»¶åï¼å¹¶ä¸æ²¡æè®¾ç½®ç¯å¢åé MAILPATH çè¯ï¼ bash å°å¨è¿ä¸ªæä»¶ä¸éç¥ç¨æ·æé®ä»¶å°è¾¾ã

MAILCHECK

MAILPATH

ä¸ä¸ªåå·åéçæä»¶ååè¡¨ï¼ä»ä¸æ£æ¥é®ä»¶ãå½é®ä»¶å°è¾¾æä¸ªç¹æ®æä»¶ä¸- æ¶ï¼è¾åºçç¹å®æ¶æ¯å¯ä»¥ éè¿å°æä»¶åä¸æ¶æ¯ä»¥ ‘?’ åéæ¥æå®ã å¨æ¶æ¯çææ¬ä¸ï¼$_ æ©å±ä¸ºå½åé®ä»¶æä»¶çæä»¶åãä¾å¦ï¼
MAILPATH=’/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":˜/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"’
Bash ä¸ºè¿ä¸ªåéæä¾é»è®¤å¼ï¼ä½æ¯å®ä½¿ç¨çç¨æ·é®ä»¶æä»¶çä½ç½®æ¯ç³»ç»ç¸å³ç (ä¾å¦ï¼/var/mail/$USER)ã

	OPTERR		å¦æè®¾ç½®ä¸º 1ï¼ bash æ¾ç¤ºåå»ºå½ä»¤ getopts äº§ççéè¯¯æ¶æ¯ (åè§ä¸é¢ç shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ç« è)ãæ¯æ¬¡ shell å¯å¨æ¶æèä¸ä¸ª shell èæ¬è¢«æ§è¡æ¶ OPTERR è¢«åå§åä¸º 1ã
	PATH		æç´¢å½ä»¤çè·¯å¾ãå®æ¯ä¸ä¸ªåå·åå²çç®å½åè¡¨ï¼shell ä»ä¸æç´¢å½ä»¤ (åè§ä¸é¢ç å½ä»¤æ§è¡(COMMAND EXECUTION) æ®µè½)ãé»è®¤çè·¯å¾æ¯ç³»ç»ç¸å³çï¼æ¯ç±å®è£ bash çç³»ç»ç®¡çåè®¾ç½®çãéå¸¸å®çå¼æ¯ ‘‘/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin:.’’ã

POSIXLY_CORRECT

å¦æ bash å¯å¨ç¯å¢ä¸æè¿ä¸ªåéï¼å®å°å¨è¯»åå¯å¨éç½®æä»¶ä¹åè¿å¥ posix modeï¼å°±å¥½åæä¾äº --posix å¯å¨åæ°ä¸æ ·ãå¦æ shell è¿è¡è¿ç¨ä¸- è®¾ç½®äºå®ï¼bash å°±å¯ç¨ posix modeï¼å°±å¥½åæ§è¡äº set -o posix å½ä»¤ä¸æ ·ã

PROMPT_COMMAND

	PS1		è¿ä¸ªåæ°çå¼è¢«æ©å± (åè§ä¸é¢ç PROMPTING æç¤ºç¬¦ æ®µè½)ï¼ç¨ä½ä¸»æç¤ºç¬¦åç¬¦ä¸²ãé»è®¤å¼æ¯ ‘‘\s-\v\$ ’’ã
	PS2		è¿ä¸ªåæ°çå¼å PS1 ä¸èµ·è¢«æ©å±ï¼ç¨ä½æ¬¡æç¤ºç¬¦åç¬¦ä¸²ãé»è®¤å¼æ¯ ‘‘> ’’ã
	PS3		è¿ä¸ªåæ°çå¼è¢«ç¨ä½åå»ºå½ä»¤ select çæç¤ºç¬¦ (åè§ä¸é¢ç SHELL GRAMMAR è¯æ³ ç« è)ã
	PS4		è¿ä¸ªåæ°çå¼å PS1 ä¸èµ·è¢«æ©å±ï¼å¨æ§è¡è·è¸ªä¸å¨ bash æ¾ç¤ºæ¯ä¸ªå½ä»¤ä¹åæ¾ç¤ºãéè¦çè¯ï¼ PS4 çç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªå- ç¬¦ä¼è¢«å¤å¶å¤æ¬¡ï¼æ¥æç¤º indirection çå±æ°ãé»è®¤å¼æ¯ ‘‘+ ’’ã

TIMEFORMAT

	%%		ä¸ä¸ªåé¢ä¸ç %ã
	%[p][l]R		ç»åçæ¶é´ï¼ä»¥ç§è®¡ç®ã
	%[p][l]U		CPU å¨ç¨æ·æ¨¡å¼ä¸æ§è¡çç§æ°ã
	%[p][l]S		CPU å¨ç³»ç»æ¨¡å¼ä¸æ§è¡çç§æ°ã
	%P		CPU ä½¿ç¨çï¼ç®æ³æ¯ (%U + %S) / %Rã

å¦ææ²¡æè®¾ç½®è¿ä¸ªå¼ï¼bash åå®å®çå¼æ¯ $’\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys%3lS’ã å¦æå®æ¯ç©ºå¼ï¼å°±ä¸ä¼æ¾ç¤ºè®¡æ¶ä¿¡æ¯ãæ¾ç¤ºæ ¼å¼å- ç¬¦ä¸²çæ¶åï¼ä¼å ä¸ ä¸ä¸ªåå¯¼çæ°è¡ç¬¦ã

TMOUT

auto_resume

histchars

Arrays

å¦æåéèµå¼æ¶ä½¿ç¨è¯æ³ name[subscript]=valueï¼ é£ä¹å°±ä¼èªå¨åå»ºæ°ç»ã subscript è¢«å½ä½ä¸ä¸ªç®æ¯è¡¨è¾¾å¼ï¼ç»æå¿é¡»æ¯å¤§äºçäº 0 çå¼ãè¦æ¾å¼å°å®ä¹ä¸ä¸ªæ°ç»ï¼ä½¿ç¨ declare -a name (åè§ä¸é¢ç shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ç« è)ãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ declare -a name[subscript] è¿æ¶ subscript è¢«å¿½ç¥ãæ°ç»åéçå±æ§å¯ä»¥ç¨åå»ºå½ä»¤ declare å readonly æ¥æå®ãæ¯ä¸ªå±æ§å¯¹äºæææ°ç»åç´ é½ææã

æ°ç»çä»»ä½åç´ é½å¯ä»¥ç¨ ${name[subscript]} æ¥å¼ç¨ã è±æ¬å·æ¯å¿é¡»çï¼ä»¥é¿ååè·¯å¾æ©å±å²çªãå¦æ subscript æ¯ @ ææ¯ *ï¼å®æ©å±ä¸º name çæææåã è¿ä¸¤ç§ä¸æ åªæå¨åå¼å·ä¸æä¸åãå¨åå¼å·ä¸- ï¼${name[*]} æ©å±ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªè¯ï¼ ç±æææ°ç»æåçå¼ç»æï¼ç¨ç¹æ®åé IFS çç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªåç¬¦åéï¼${name[@]} å° name çæ¯ä¸ªæåæ©å±ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªè¯ã å¦ææ°ç»æ²¡ææåï¼${name[@]} æ©å±ä¸ºç©ºä¸²ãè¿ç§ä¸åç±»ä¼¼äºç¹æ®åæ° * å @ çæ©å± (åè§ä¸é¢ç Special Parameters æ®µè½)ã${#name[subscript]} æ©å±ä¸º ${name[subscript]} çé¿åº¦ãå¦æ subscript æ¯ * æèæ¯ @ï¼æ©å±ç»ææ¯æ°ç»ä¸- åç´ çä¸ªæ°ãå¼ç¨æ²¡æä¸æ æ°ç»åéçä»·äº å¼ç¨åç´ 0ã

åå»ºå½ä»¤ unset ç¨äºéæ¯æ°ç»ãunset name[subscript] å°éæ¯ä¸æ æ¯ subscript çåç´ ã unset name, è¿é name æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ°ç»ï¼æè unset name[subscript], è¿é subscript æ¯ * æèæ¯ @ï¼å°éæ¯æ´ä¸ªæ°ç»ã

åå»ºå½ä»¤ declare, local, å readonly é½è½æ¥å -a éé¡¹ï¼ä»èæå®ä¸ä¸ªæ°ç»ãåå»ºå½ä»¤ read å¯ä»¥æ¥å -a éé¡¹ï¼ä»æ åè¾å¥è¯»å¥ä¸åè¯æ¥ä¸ºæ°ç»èµå¼ãåå»ºå½ä»¤ set å declare ä½¿ç¨ä¸ç§å¯ä»¥éç¨ä¸ºè¾å¥çæ ¼å¼æ¥æ¾ç¤ºæ°ç»åç´ ã

æ©å±(EXPANSION)

å½ä»¤è¡çæ©å±æ¯å¨æåæè¯ä¹åè¿è¡çãæä¸ç§ç±»åçæ©å±ï¼ brace expansion(è±æ¬å·æ©å±), tilde expansion(æ³¢æµªçº¿æ©å±), parameter and variable expansion(åæ°ååéæ©å±), command substitution(å½ä»¤æ¿æ¢), arithmetic expansion(ç®æ¯æ©å±), word splitting(è¯çæå), å pathname expansion(è·¯å¾æ©å±).

æ©å±çé¡ºåºæ¯ï¼brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter, variable å arithmetic expansion è¿æ command substitution (æç§ä»å·¦å°å³çé¡ºåº), word splitting, æåæ¯ pathname expansion.

è¿æä¸ç§éå çæ©å±ï¼process subtitution (è¿ç¨æ¿æ¢) åªæå¨æ¯æå® çç³»ç»ä¸ææã

åªæ brace expansion, word splitting, å pathname expansion å¨æ©å±ååçè¯æ°ä¼åçæ¹åï¼å¶ä»æ©å±æ»æ¯å°ä¸ä¸ªè¯æ©å±ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªè¯ã å¯ä¸çä¾å¤æ¯ä¸é¢æå°ç "$@" å "${name[@]}" (åè§ PARAMETERSåæ°)ã

Brace Expansion

mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs}

æèï¼

chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}

Tilde Expansion

å¦æ tilde-prefix æ¯ ‘˜+’ï¼å°ä½¿ç¨ shell åé PWD çå¼æ¥æ¿æ¢ãå¦æ tilde-prefix æ¯ ‘˜-’ï¼å¹¶ä¸è®¾ç½®äº shell åé OLDPWD, å°ä½¿ç¨è¿ä¸ªåéå¼æ¥æ¿æ¢ãå¦æå¨ tilde-prefix ä¸ï¼æ³¢æµªçº¿ä¹åçåç¬¦ä¸² ç±ä¸ä¸ªæ°å N ç»æï¼åç¼å¯éç ‘+’ æè ‘-’ï¼é£ä¹ tilde-prefix å°è¢«æ¿æ¢ä¸ºç®å½æ ä¸ç¸åºçåç´ ï¼å°±æ¯å° tilde-prefix ä½ä¸ºåæ°æ§è¡åå»ºå½ä»¤ dirs æ¾ç¤ºçç»æãå¦æ tilde-prefix ä¸æ³¢æµªçº¿ä¹åçå- ç¬¦æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ°åï¼æ²¡æåç¼ï¼ é£ä¹å°±åå®æä¸ä¸ª ‘+’ã

Parameter Expansion

Use Default Values(ä½¿ç¨é»è®¤å¼)ãå¦æ parameter æªå®ä¹æå¼ä¸ºç©ºï¼å°æ¿æ¢ä¸º word çæ©å±ãå¦åï¼å°æ¿æ¢ä¸º parameter çå¼ã

${parameter:=word}

Assign Default Values(èµé»è®¤å¼)ãå¦æ parameter æªå®ä¹æå¼ä¸ºç©ºï¼ word çæ©å±å°èµäº parameter. parameter çå¼å°è¢«æ¿æ¢ãä½ç½®åæ°åç¹æ®åæ°ä¸è½ç¨è¿ç§æ¹å¼èµå¼ã

${parameter:?word}

Display Error if Null or Unset(æ¾ç¤ºéè¯¯ï¼å¦ææªå®ä¹æå¼ä¸ºç©º)ãå¦æ parameter æªå®ä¹æå¼ä¸ºç©ºï¼word (æä¸æ¡ä¿¡æ¯ï¼å¦æ word ä¸åå¨) çæ©å±å°åå¥å°æ åéè¯¯ï¼shell å¦æä¸æ¯äº¤äºçï¼åå°éåºãå¦åï¼ parameter çå¼å°è¢«æ¿æ¢ã

${parameter:+word}

Use Alternate Value(ä½¿ç¨å¯éå¼)ãå¦æ parameter æªå®ä¹æå¼ä¸ºç©ºï¼ä¸ä¼è¿è¡æ¿æ¢ï¼å¦åå°æ¿æ¢ä¸º word æ©å±åçå¼ã

${parameter:offset}
${parameter:offset:length}

Substring Expansion(ååç¬¦ä¸²æ©å±)ã æ©å±ä¸ºparameter çæå¤ length ä¸ªåç¬¦ï¼ä» offset æå®çåç¬¦å¼å§ãå¦æå¿½ç¥äº lengthï¼æ©å±ä¸º parameter çååç¬¦ä¸²ï¼ ä» offset æå®çåç¬¦ä¸²å¼å§ãlength å offset æ¯ç®æ¯è¡¨è¾¾å¼ (åè§ä¸é¢ç ARITHMETIC EVALUATION ç®æ¯æ±å¼ æ®µè½)ã length å¿é¡»æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå¤§äºçäº 0 çæ°å¼ãå¦æ offset æ±å¼ç»æå°äº 0ï¼ å¼å°å½ä½ä» parameter çå¼çæ«å°¾ç®èµ·çåç§»éãå¦æ parameter æ¯ @ï¼ç»ææ¯ length ä¸ªä½ç½®åæ°ï¼ä» offset å¼å§ã å¦æ parameter æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ°ç»åï¼ä»¥ @ æ * ç´¢å¼ï¼ç»ææ¯æ°ç»ç length ä¸ªæåï¼ä» ${parameter[offset]} å¼å§ã ååç¬¦ä¸²çä¸æ æ¯ä» 0 å¼å§çï¼é¤éä½¿ç¨ä½ç½®åæ°æ¶ï¼ä¸æ ä» 1 å¼å§ã

${!prefix*}

æ©å±ä¸ºåç§°ä»¥ prefix å¼å§çåéåï¼ä»¥ç¹æ®åé IFS çç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªåç¬¦åéã

${#parameter}

æ¿æ¢ä¸º parameter çå¼çé¿åº¦ (åç¬¦æ°ç®)ãå¦æ parameter æ¯ * æèæ¯ @, æ¿æ¢çå¼æ¯ä½ç½®åæ°çä¸ªæ°ãå¦æ parameter æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ°ç»åï¼ä¸æ æ¯ * æèæ¯ @, æ¿æ¢çå¼æ¯æ°ç»ä¸åç´ çä¸ªæ°ã

${parameter#word}
${parameter##word}

${parameter%word}
${parameter%%word}

${parameter/pattern/string}
${parameter//pattern/string}

Command Substitution

å½ä»¤æ¿æ¢ (Command substitution) åè®¸ä»¥å½ä»¤çè¾åºæ¿æ¢å½ä»¤åãæ ä¸¤ç§å½¢å¼ï¼

$(command)

è¿æ

‘command‘

å¦ææ¿æ¢åçå¨åå¼å·ä¹ä¸ï¼ç»æå°ä¸è¿è¡è¯çæååè·¯å¾æ©å±ã

Arithmetic Expansion

$((expression))

æ±å¼æ ¹æ®ä¸é¢ ç®æ¯æ±å¼ (ARITHMETIC EVALUATION) ç« èä¸- ååºçè§åè¿è¡ãå¦æè¡¨è¾¾å¼ expression éæ³ï¼ bash è¾åºéè¯¯æç¤ºæ¶æ¯ï¼ä¸ä¼è¿è¡æ¿æ¢ã

Process Substitution

Process substitution (è¿ç¨æ¿æ¢) åªæå¨æ¯æå½åç®¡é (FIFOs)ï¼ æèæ¯æä½¿ç¨ /dev/fd æ¹å¼ä¸ºæå¼çæä»¶å½åçç³»ç»ä¸æå¯ç¨ã å®çå½¢å¼æ¯ <(list) æèæ¯ >(list)ã è¿ç¨ list è¿è¡æ¶çè¾å¥æè¾åºè¢«è¿æ¥å°ä¸ä¸ª FIFO æè /dev/fd ä¸- çæä»¶ãæä»¶çåç§°ä½ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªåæ°è¢«ä¼ éå°å½åå½ä»¤ï¼ä½ä¸ºæ©å±çç»æã å¦æä½¿ç¨ >(list) å½¢å¼ï¼åæä»¶åå¥ç¸å½äºä¸º list æä¾è¾å¥ãå¦æä½¿ç¨ <(list) å½¢å¼ï¼å¯ä»¥è¯»ä½ä¸ºåæ°ä¼ é çæä»¶æ¥è·å¾ list çè¾åºã

Word Splitting

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ä¿¡å·(SIGNALS)

å¦æ bash æ¯äº¤äºçï¼æ²¡æè®¾å®ä»»ä½é·é±ï¼å®å¿½ç¥ SIGTERM (è¿æ · kill 0 ä¸ä¼ææäº¤äºç shell)ã SIGINT è¢«æè·å¹¶å¤ç (ä»èä½¿åå»ºå½ä»¤ wait å¯ä»¥ä¸- æ)ãå¨æææåµä¸ï¼ bash å¿½ç¥ SIGQUITã å¦ææ£å¨ä½¿ç¨ä½ä¸æ§å¶ï¼ bash å¿½ç¥ SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, å SIGTSTP.

å¦ææ¶å°ä¿¡å· SIGHUPï¼ shell é»è®¤éåºãå¨éåºåï¼äº¤äºç shell åææä½ä¸ï¼è¿è¡çæåæ¢çï¼åé SIGHUP ä¿¡å·ãshell ååæ¢çä½ä¸ååº SIGCONT ä¿¡å·æ¥ä¿è¯å®ä»¬ä¼æ¶å° SIGHUP. è¦é»æ¢ shell åç¹å®çä½ä¸åéä¿¡å·ï¼åºå½ä½¿ç¨åå»ºå½ä»¤ disown å°ä½ä¸ä»ä½ä¸è¡¨ä¸å é¤ (åè§ä¸é¢ç shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ç« è) æèä½¿ç¨ disown -h æ¥æ è®°ä¸ºä¸æ¥å SIGHUPã

å¦æä½¿ç¨ shopt è®¾ç½®äº shell éé¡¹ huponexitï¼ å¨äº¤äºçç»å½ shell éåºæ¶ bash åææä½ä¸ååº SIGHUP ä¿¡å·ã

ä½ä¸æ§å¶("JOB CONTROL")

[1] 25647

æç¤ºç¬¦(PROMPTING)

	\a		ä¸ä¸ª ASCII åéåç¬¦ (07)
	\d		æ¥æï¼æ ¼å¼æ¯ "ææ æä»½ æ¥" (ä¾å¦ï¼"Tue May 26")

\D{format}

	\e		ä¸ä¸ª ASCII è½¬ä¹åç¬¦ (033)
	\h		ä¸»æºåï¼ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ª ‘.’ ä¹åçé¨å
	\H		ä¸»æºå
	\j		shell å½åç®¡ççä½ä¸æ°é
	\l		shell çç»ç«¯è®¾å¤åçåºæ¬é¨å
	\n		æ°è¡ç¬¦
	\r		åè½¦
	\s		shell çåç§°ï¼ $0 çåºæ¬é¨å (æåä¸ä¸ªææ åé¢çé¨å)
	\t		å½åæ¶é´ï¼éç¨ 24å°æ¶å¶ç HH:MM:SS æ ¼å¼
	\T		å½åæ¶é´ï¼éç¨ 12å°æ¶å¶ç HH:MM:SS æ ¼å¼
	\@		å½åæ¶é´ï¼éç¨ 12å°æ¶å¶ä¸å/ä¸å (am/pm) æ ¼å¼
	\A		å½åæ¶é´ï¼éç¨ 24å°æ¶å¶ä¸å/ä¸åæ ¼å¼
	\u		å½åç¨æ·çç¨æ·å the username of the current user
	\v		bash ççæ¬ (ä¾å¦ï¼2.00)
	\V		bash çåè¡ç¼å·ï¼çæ¬å·å è¡¥ä¸çº§å« (ä¾å¦ï¼2.00.0)
	\w		å½åå·¥ä½ç®å½
	\W		å½åå·¥ä½ç®å½çåºæ¬é¨å
	\!		æ¤å½ä»¤çåå²ç¼å·
	\#		æ¤å½ä»¤çå½ä»¤ç¼å·
	\$		å¦æææ UID æ¯ 0ï¼å°±æ¯ #, å¶ä»æåµä¸æ¯ $
	\nnn		å¯¹åºå«è¿å¶æ° nnn çåç¬¦
	\\		ä¸ä¸ªåææ
	\[		ä¸ä¸ªä¸å¯æå°åç¬¦åºåçå¼å§ï¼å¯ä»¥ç¨äºå¨æç¤ºç¬¦ä¸- åµå¥ç»ç«¯æ§å¶åºå
	\]		ä¸ä¸ªä¸å¯æå°åç¬¦åºåçç»æ

å½ä»¤ç¼å·ååå²ç¼å·éå¸¸æ¯ä¸åçï¼åå²ç¼å·æ¯å½ä»¤å¨åå²åè¡¨ä¸çä½ç½®ï¼å¯è½ åå«ä»åå²æä»¶ä¸æ¢å¤çå½ä»¤ (åè§ä¸é¢ç HISTORY åå² ç« è)ï¼èå½ä»¤ç¼å·æ¯å½å shell ä¼è¯ä¸æ§è¡çå½ä»¤åºåä¸ï¼å½ä»¤çä½ç½®ã å- ç¬¦ä¸²è¢«è§£ç ä¹åï¼å®å°è¿è¡æ©å±ï¼è¦ç»è¿ parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion å quote removal, æåè¦ç»è¿ shell éé¡¹ promptvars å¤ç (åè§ä¸é¢ç shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ç« èä¸ï¼å¯¹å½ä»¤ shopt çæè¿°)ã

readlineåº(READLINE)

è¿æ¯å¨äº¤äº shell ä¸å¤çè¯»åè¾å¥çåºï¼é¤éå¨ shell å¯å¨æ¶ç»åºäº --noediting éé¡¹ãé»è®¤æåµä¸ï¼è¡ç¼è¾å½ä»¤ç±»ä¼¼äº emacs ä¸- çé£äºãä¹å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ vi æ ·å¼çè¡ç¼è¾çé¢ã è¦å¨ shell è¿è¡ä¹åå³é- è¡ç¼è¾ï¼ä½¿ç¨åç½®å½ä»¤ set ç +o emacs æ +o vi éé¡¹ (åè§ä¸é¢ç shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ç« è)ã

Readline Notation

å¨è¿ä¸ªå°èä¸ï¼å°ä½¿ç¨ emacs æ ·å¼çè®°æ³æ¥è¡¨è¿°æé®ãCtrl é®è®°ä¸º C-keyï¼ ä¾å¦ï¼C-n æææ¯ Ctrl-Nãç±»ä¼¼çï¼ meta é®è®°ä¸º M-keyï¼å æ¤ M-x æå³ç Meta-xã(å¨æ²¡æ meta é®çé®çä¸ï¼M-x æææ¯ ESC-xï¼ä¹å°±æ¯è¯´ï¼æä¸ Esc é®ï¼ç¶åæ x é®ãè¿ä½¿å¾ Esc æä¸º meta prefixãM-C-x çç»åæææ¯ Esc-Ctrl-xï¼ ä¹å°±æ¯æ Esc é®ï¼ç¶åæä½ Ctrl é®ï¼åæ¶æ x é®ã)

Readline Initialization åå§å

ä¾å¦ï¼å°

M-Control-u: universal-argument

C-Meta-u: universal-argument

æ¾å¥ inputrc å°ä½¿å¾ M-C-u æ§è¡ readline å½ä»¤ universal-argument.

å¯ä»¥è¯å«ä¸ååç¬¦çç¬¦å·åç§°ï¼ RUBOUT, DEL, ESC, LFD, NEWLINE, RET, RETURN, SPC, SPACE, å TAB.

Readline Key Bindings

å½ä½¿ç¨ keyname:function-name æ macro å½¢å¼æ¶ï¼ keyname æ¯æé®ä»¥è±ææ¼åçåç§°ãä¾å¦ï¼

Control-u: universal-argument
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"

å¨ä¸è¿°ä¾åä¸ï¼ C-u è¢«å³èå°å½æ° universal-argument, M-DEL è¢«å³èå°å½æ° backward-kill-word, è C-o è¢«å³èä¸ºè¿è¡å³è¾¹ç»åºçå® (æææ¯ï¼å°åè¡ä¸æå¥ ‘‘> output’’ )ã

"\C-u": universal-argument
"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file
"\e[11˜": "Function Key 1"

å¨ä¸è¿°ä¾åä¸ï¼ C-u è¢«åä¸æ¬¡å³èå°å½æ° universal-argument. C-x C-r è¢«å³èå°å½æ° re-read-init-file, è ESC [ 1 1 ˜ è¢«å³èä¸ºæå¥ææ¬ ‘‘Function Key 1’’.

GNU Emacs æ ·å¼çè½¬ä¹åºåçå¨éä¸ºï¼

	\C-		Ctrl åç¼
	\M-		Meta åç¼
	\e		ä¸ä¸ª Esc åç¬¦
	\\		åææ
	\"		åé¢ä¸ç "
	\’		åé¢ä¸ç ’

	\a		åé
	\b		åé
	\d		å é¤
	\f		è¿çº¸
	\n		æ°è¡ç¬¦
	\r		åè½¦
	\t		æ°´å¹³è·³æ ¼
	\v		ç«ç´è·³æ ¼
	\nnn		ä¸ä¸ªå«æ¯ç¹åç¬¦ï¼å®çå¼æ¯å«è¿å¶å¼ nnn (ä¸å°ä¸ä¸ªå«è¿å¶æ°å- )ã
	\xHH		ä¸ä¸ªå«æ¯ç¹åç¬¦ï¼å®çå¼æ¯ååè¿å¶å¼ HH (ä¸å°ä¸¤ä¸ªååè¿å¶æ°å- )ã

Bash åè®¸ä½¿ç¨åå»ºå½ä»¤ bind æ¥æ¾ç¤ºåä¿®æ¹å½å readline æé®å³èãå¨äº¤äºä½¿ç¨ä¸å¯ä»¥ç¨åå»ºå½ä»¤ set ç -o éé¡¹åæ¢å°ç¼è¾æ¨¡å¼ (åè§ä¸é¢ç shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ç« è)ã

Readline Variables

set variable-name value

é¤éå¦å¤è¯´æï¼readline åéçå¼æ»æ¯ On æ Offã åéåå®ä»¬çé»è®¤å¼æ¯ï¼
bell-style (audible)

æ§å¶äºå½ readline éè¦é¸£ç»ç«¯åéæ¶çå¨ä½ãå¦æè®¾ç½®ä¸º noneï¼ readline ä¸ä¼é¸£éãå¦æè®¾ç½®ä¸º visibleï¼readline ä½¿ç¨å¯è§çåéï¼å¦æå¯ç¨çè¯ã å¦æè®¾ç½®ä¸º audibleï¼readline è¯çé¸£ç»ç«¯åéã

comment-begin (‘‘#’’)

è¿ä¸ªåç¬¦ä¸²å¨æ§è¡ readline å½ä»¤ insert-comment æ¶è¢«æå¥ãè¿ä¸ªå½ä»¤å¨ emacs æ¨¡å¼ä¸è¢«å³èä¸º M-#ï¼ å¨ vi æ¨¡å¼ä¸æ¯ #ã

completion-ignore-case (Off)

completion-query-items (100)

convert-meta (On)

disable-completion (Off)

editing-mode (emacs)

æ§å¶ readline çæé®å³èéåä¸ emacs è¿æ¯ vi ç¸ä¼¼ã editing-mode å¯ä»¥è®¾ç½®ä¸º emacs æ viã

enable-keypad (Off)

expand-tilde (Off)

history-preserve-point

å¦æè®¾ç½®ä¸º Onï¼åå²ä»£ç è¯çå¨ previous-history æ next-history ååçæ¯ä¸ªåå²è¡çç¸åä½ç½®ä¸å ç¹ã

horizontal-scroll-mode (Off)

input-meta (Off)

isearch-terminators (‘‘C-[C-J’’)

keymap (emacs)

è®¾ç½®å½å readline é®çæ å°ãææçé®çæ å°åç§°æ¯ emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-commandï¼è¿æ vi-insertã vi çä»·äº vi-command; emacs çä»·äº emacs-standardãé»è®¤å¼æ¯ emacs; editing-mode çå¼ä¹ä¼å½±åé»è®¤çé®çæ å°ã

mark-directories (On)

å¦æè®¾ç½®ä¸º Onï¼è¡¥å¨çç®å½åä¼æ·»å ä¸ä¸ªææ ã

mark-modified-lines (Off)

mark-symlinked-directories (Off)

å¦æè®¾ç½®ä¸º Onï¼è¡¥å¨çåç§°å¦ææ¯å°ç®å½çç¬¦å·é¾æ¥ï¼åå°æ·»å ä¸ä¸ªææ (ä¸ mark-directories çå¼åæ ·å¤ç)ã

match-hidden-files (On)

output-meta (Off)

page-completions (On)

print-completions-horizontally (Off)

show-all-if-ambiguous (Off)

visible-stats (Off)

Readline Conditional Constructs

$if

mode

			$if ç»æç mode= å½¢å¼ç¨äºæµè¯ readline å¤äº emacs è¿æ¯ vi æ¨¡å¼ã è¿å¯ä»¥ä¸å½ä»¤ set keymap ç»åä½¿ç¨ï¼ä¾å¦ï¼è®¾ç½® emacs-standard å emacs-ctlx é®çæ å°ï¼ä»å½ readline ä»¥ emacs æ¨¡å¼å¯å¨ã
	term		term= å½¢å¼ç¨äºåå«ä¸ç»ç«¯ç¸å³çæé®å³èï¼ä¹è®¸æ¯å°æé®åºåè¾åºä¸ç»ç«¯çåè½é®ç¸å³èã çå· = å³è¾¹çè¯è¢«åç»ç«¯çå¨åååç§°ä¸ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ª - åé¢çä¸é¨åç¸æ¯è¾ã ä¾å¦ï¼åè®¸ sun åæ¶å¹é sun å sun-cmdã

application

$if Bash
# Quote the current or previous word
"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
$endif

	$endif		ä¸ä¾ä¸çè¿ä¸ªå½ä»¤ï¼ç»æäºä¸ä¸ª $if å½ä»¤ã
	$else		å¦ææµè¯å¤±è´¥ï¼$if æä»¤ä¸è¿ä¸ªåæ¯çå½ä»¤å°è¢«æ§è¡ã

$include

$include /etc/inputrc

Searching

readline æä¾äºä»å½ä»¤åå²ä¸æç´¢åå«ç»å®åç¬¦ä¸²çè¡çå½ä»¤ (åè§ä¸é¢ç HISTORY åå² ç« è)ãæä¸¤ç§æç´¢æ¨¡å¼ï¼ incremental å non-incremental.

Readline Command Names

ä¸é¢ååºçæ¯å½ä»¤çåç§°ä»¥åé»è®¤æåµä¸å®ä»¬å³èçæé®åºåã å½ä»¤åç§°å¦ææ²¡æå¯¹åºçæé®åºåï¼é£ä¹é»è®¤æ¯æ²¡æå³èçãå¨ä¸åæè¿°ä¸ï¼ ç¹ (point) æå½ååæ ä½ç½®ï¼æ è®° (mark) æå½ä»¤ set-mark ä¿åçåæ ä½ç½®ãpoint å mark ä¹é´çææ¬è¢«ç§°ä¸ºèå´ (region)ã

Commands for Moving ç§»å¨

beginning-of-line (C-a)

ç§»å¨å°å½åè¡çå¼å§ã

end-of-line (C-e)

ç§»å¨å°å½åè¡çç»å°¾ã

forward-char (C-f)

ååç§»å¨ä¸åã

backward-char (C-b)

ååç§»å¨ä¸åã

forward-word (M-f)

ååç§»å¨å°ä¸ä¸è¯å°¾ãè¯ç±åç¬¦ (åæ¯åæ°å) ç»æã

backward-word (M-b)

ååç§»å¨å°å½åæä¸ä¸è¯é¦ã

clear-screen (C-l)

redraw-current-line

å·æ°å½åè¡ã

Commands for Manipulating the History æçºµåå²è¡

accept-line (Newline, Return)

previous-history (C-p)

ä»åå²åè¡¨ä¸åå¾åä¸ä¸ªå½ä»¤ï¼ä»åè¡¨ä¸ååç§»å¨ã

next-history (C-n)

ä»åå²åè¡¨ä¸åå¾åä¸ä¸ªå½ä»¤ï¼ä»åè¡¨ä¸ååç§»å¨ã

beginning-of-history (M-<)

ç§»å¨å°åå²ä¸çç¬¬ä¸è¡ã

end-of-history (M->)

ç§»å¨å°è¾å¥åå²è¡çæ«å°¾ï¼ä¹å°±æ¯å½åè¾å¥çè¡çæ«å°¾ã

reverse-search-history (C-r)

forward-search-history (C-s)

non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)

non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)

history-search-forward

history-search-backward

yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)

yank-last-arg (M-., M-_)

shell-expand-line (M-C-e)

æ©å±è¡ï¼å shell åçé£æ ·ãå¶ä¸åå«å«åååå²æ©å±ï¼è¿æææç shell è¯çæ©å±ã åè§ä¸é¢ç HISTORY EXPANSION ä¸å³äºåå²æ©å±çæè¿°ã

history-expand-line (M-ˆ)

magic-space

alias-expand-line

history-and-alias-expand-line

å¨å½åè¡è¿è¡åå²åå«åæ©å±ã

insert-last-argument (M-., M-_)

ä¸ yank-last-arg åä¹ã

operate-and-get-next (C-o)

edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)

Commands for Changing Text æ¹åææ¬

delete-char (C-d)

å é¤ point å¤çåç¬¦ãå¦æ point å¨è¡é¦ï¼è¡ä¸æ²¡æå- ç¬¦ï¼æåä¸æ¬¡è¾å¥çåç¬¦ æ²¡æè¢«å³èå° delete-charï¼å°è¿å EOF.

backward-delete-char (Rubout)

forward-backward-delete-char

å é¤åæ ä¸çåç¬¦ï¼é¤éåæ å¨è¡å°¾ï¼æ¤æ¶å é¤åæ åçåç¬¦ã

quoted-insert (C-q, C-v)

tab-insert (C-v TAB)

æå¥ä¸ä¸ªè·³æ ¼ç¬¦å·ã

self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)

æå¥é®å¥çåç¬¦ã

transpose-chars (C-t)

transpose-words (M-t)

upcase-word (M-u)

downcase-word (M-l)

capitalize-word (M-c)

overwrite-mode

Killing and Yanking åªååç²è´´

kill-line (C-k)

åªåä» point å°è¡å°¾çææ¬ã

backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)

åååªåå°è¡é¦ã

unix-line-discard (C-u)

åååªåå°è¡é¦ãä¸ backward-kill-line æ²¡æä»ä¹åºå«ã åªåçææ¬è¢«ä¿åäº kill-ring ä¸ã

kill-whole-line

åªåå½åè¡ä¸ææåç¬¦ï¼ä¸ç®¡ point å¨ä»ä¹ä½ç½®ã

kill-word (M-d)

backward-kill-word (M-Rubout)

åªå point ä¹åçè¯ãè¯çè¾¹çä¸ backward-word ä½¿ç¨çç¸åã

unix-word-rubout (C-w)

delete-horizontal-space (M-\)

å é¤ point ä¸¤è¾¹çææç©ºæ ¼åè·³æ ¼ã

kill-region

åªåå½å region çææ¬ã

copy-region-as-kill

å° region çææ¬å¤å¶å°åªåç¼å²åºä¸ã

copy-backward-word

å° point åé¢çè¯å¤å¶å°åªåç¼å²åºä¸ã è¯çè¾¹çä¸ backward-word ä½¿ç¨çç¸åã

copy-forward-word

å° point ä¹åçè¯å¤å¶å°åªåç¼å²åºä¸ã è¯çè¾¹çä¸ backward-word ä½¿ç¨çç¸åã

yank (C-y)

å° kill-ring é¡¶é¨çåå®¹ç²è´´å° point å¤çç¼å²åºä¸

yank-pop (M-y)

è½®è½¬ kill-ringï¼ç²è´´æ°çé¡¶é¨åå®¹ãåªè½å¨ yank æ yank-pop ä¹åä½¿ç¨ã

Numeric Arguments æ°å¼åæ°

digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ..., M--)

å°è¿ä¸ªæ°åå å¥å·²æç (already accumulating) åæ°ä¸ï¼æèå¼å§æ°çåæ°ã M-- å¼å§ä¸ä¸ªå¦å®çåæ°ã

universal-argument

Completing è¡¥å¨

complete (TAB)

possible-completions (M-?)

ååº point ä¹åçææ¬å¯è½çè¡¥å¨ã

insert-completions (M-*)

æå¥ possible-completions å·²äº§çç point ä¹åçææ¬ææçè¡¥å¨ã

menu-complete

delete-char-or-list

å é¤åæ ä¸çåç¬¦ï¼å¦æä¸æ¯å¨è¡é¦æè¡å°¾ (ç±»ä¼¼ delete-char)ã å¦æå¨è¡å°¾ï¼è¡ä¸ºä¸ possible-completions ä¸è´ã è¿ä¸ªå½ä»¤é»è®¤æ²¡æå³èã

complete-filename (M-/)

å°è¯å¯¹ point ä¹åçææ¬è¿è¡æä»¶åè¡¥å¨ã

possible-filename-completions (C-x /)

ååº point ä¹åçææ¬å¯è½çè¡¥å¨ï¼å°å®è§ä¸ºæä»¶åã

complete-username (M-˜)

å°è¯å¯¹ point ä¹åçææ¬è¿è¡è¡¥å¨ï¼å°å®è§ä¸ºç¨æ·åã

possible-username-completions (C-x ˜)

ååº point ä¹åçææ¬å¯è½çè¡¥å¨ï¼å°å®è§ä¸ºç¨æ·åã

complete-variable (M-$)

possible-variable-completions (C-x $)

ååº point ä¹åçææ¬å¯è½çè¡¥å¨ï¼å°å®è§ä¸º shell åéã

complete-hostname (M-@)

å°è¯å¯¹ point ä¹åçææ¬è¿è¡è¡¥å¨ï¼å°å®è§ä¸ºä¸»æºåã

possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)

ååº point ä¹åçææ¬å¯è½çè¡¥å¨ï¼å°å®è§ä¸ºä¸»æºåã

complete-command (M-!)

possible-command-completions (C-x !)

ååº point ä¹åçææ¬å¯è½çè¡¥å¨ï¼å°å®è§ä¸ºå½ä»¤åã

dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)

complete-into-braces (M-{)

Keyboard Macros å®

start-kbd-macro (C-x ()

å¼å§ä¿åè¾å¥åç¬¦ä¸ºå½åé®çå®ã

end-kbd-macro (C-x ))

åæ¢ä¿åè¾å¥åç¬¦ä¸ºå½åé®çå®ï¼ä¿åå®å®ä¹ã

call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)

Miscellaneous

re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)

è¯»å¥ inputrc æä»¶çåå®¹ï¼åå¹¶å¶ä¸çæé®å³èååéèµå¼ã

abort (C-g)

åæ¶å½åç¼è¾å½ä»¤ï¼é¸£ç»ç«¯åé (æç§ bell-style çè®¾ç½®æ¥å)ã

do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...)

prefix-meta (ESC)

å°è¾å¥çä¸ä¸ä¸ªåç¬¦å ä¸ Meta åç¼ã ESC f çä»·äº Meta-f.

undo (C-_, C-x C-u)

å¢éçæ¤éï¼åå«è®°ä½æ¯ä¸è¡ã

revert-line (M-r)

tilde-expand (M-&)

å¯¹å½åè¯è¿è¡æ³¢æµªçº¿æ©å±ã

set-mark (C-@, M-<space>)

exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)

äº¤æ¢ point å markãå½ååæ ä½ç½®è¢«è®¾ç½®ä¸ºä¿å- çä½ç½®ï¼æ§åæ ä½ç½®è¢«ä¿åä¸º markã

character-search (C-])

character-search-backward (M-C-])

insert-comment (M-#)

glob-complete-word (M-g)

glob-expand-word (C-x *)

glob-list-expansions (C-x g)

dump-functions

dump-variables

dump-macros

display-shell-version (C-x C-v)

æ¾ç¤ºå½å bash å®ä¾ççæ¬ä¿¡æ¯ã

Programmable Completion å¯ç¼ç¨è¡¥å¨

æ¥ä¸æ¥ï¼å°èè -W éé¡¹çåæ°æå®çåç¬¦ä¸²ãè¿ä¸ªåç¬¦ä¸²é¦åè¢« ååï¼ç¨ç¹æ®åé IFS ä¸çåç¬¦ä½ä¸ºåéç¬¦ãshell å¼ç¨è¢«å½ä½ä¸ä¸ªè¯ã æ¥ä¸æ¥ï¼æ¯ä¸ªè¯è¢«æ©å±ï¼ä½¿ç¨ä¸é¢ EXPANSION ä¸æè¿°ç brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter å variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, ä»¥å pathname expansion è§åå¤çãå¯¹äºç»æï¼åä½¿ç¨ä¸é¢ Word Splitting ä¸æè¿°çè§åååæè¯ã æ©å±çç»æä¸è¦è¡¥å¨çè¯è¿è¡åé¨ä¸è´çæ¯è¾ï¼å¹éçè¯æä¸ºå¯è½çè¡¥å¨ã

å½ä¸ä¸ªè§åæåºææç®å½åè¡¥å¨æ¶ï¼å¯ç¼ç¨è¡¥å¨å½æ°å¼ºå¶ readline å¨è¡¥å¨çåç§° åé¢æ·»å ä¸ä¸ªææ ï¼å¦æå®æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå°ç®å½çç¬¦å·è¿æ¥ãç¶åè¿è¦ç»è¿ readline åé mark-directories çå¼å¤çï¼ä¸ç®¡ readline åé mark-symlinked-directories çå¼æ¯ä»ä¹ã

åå²(HISTORY)

å½å¯ç¨åå»ºå½ä»¤ set ç -o history éé¡¹æ¶ï¼shell åè®¸è®¿é® command historyï¼ä»¥åè¾å¥çå½ä»¤çåè¡¨ã HISTSIZE çå¼ç¨ä½å½ä»¤åè¡¨ä¸ä¿åçå½ä»¤æ°éã è¿å» HISTSIZE ä¸ª (é»è®¤ä¸º500) å½ä»¤å°è¢«ä¿åãshell å°æ¯æ¡å½ä»¤å¨è¿è¡åæ°ååéæ©å±ä¹å ä¿åå°åå²åè¡¨ä¸ (åè§ä¸é¢ç EXPANSION æ®µè½)ï¼ä½æ¯æ¯å¨åå²æ©å±è¿è¡ä¹åï¼å¹¶ä¸è¦ç»è¿ shell åé HISTIGNORE å HISTCONTROL å¤çã

å¨å¯å¨æ¶ï¼åå²æ ¹æ®ä»¥åé HISTFILE çå¼ä¸ºåçæä»¶ (é»è®¤æ¯ ˜/.bash_history) è¿è¡åå§åã å¦æéè¦çè¯ï¼ä»¥ HISTFILE ä¸ºåçæä»¶å°è¢«æªæï¼æ¥åå«ä¸è¶è¿åé HISTFILESIZE çå¼æå®çè¡æ°ãå½äº¤äº shell éåºæ¶ï¼æå $HISTSIZE è¡è¢«ä»åå²åè¡¨ä¸å¤å¶å° $HISTFILE æä»¶ä¸ãå¦æå¯ç¨äº shell éé¡¹ histappend (åè§ä¸é¢ç shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ç« èä¸å¯¹åå»ºå½ä»¤ shopt çæè¿°)ï¼è¿äºè¡è¢«è¿½å å°åå²æä»¶ä¸ï¼å¦ååå²æä»¶è¢«è¦çãå¦æ HISTFILE è¢«åæ¶å®ä¹ï¼æèå¦æåå²æä»¶ä¸å¯åï¼åå²å°ä¸ä¼ä¿åãä¿ååå²ä¹åï¼ åå²æä»¶è¢«æªæ- ï¼ä»¥åå«ä¸è¶è¿ HISTFILESIZE è¡ãå¦æ HISTFILESIZE è¢«åæ¶å®ä¹ï¼ä¸ä¼è¿è¡æªææä½ã

shell åè®¸æ§å¶åªäºå½ä»¤è¢«ä¿åå°åå²åè¡¨ä¸ãå¯ä»¥è®¾ç½® HISTCONTROL å HISTIGNORE åéï¼æ¥ä½¿å¾ shell åªä¿åè¾å¥å½ä»¤çä¸ä¸ªåéãshell éé¡¹ cmdhist å¦æè¢«å¯ç¨ï¼å°ä½¿å¾ shell å°å¤è¡çå½ä»¤çæ¯ä¸è¡ä¿åå°åä¸ä¸ªåå²æ¡ç®ä¸ï¼ å¨éè¦çå°æ¹æ·»å åå·æ¥ä¿è¯è¯ä¹çæ£ç¡®æ§ãshell éé¡¹ lithist ä½¿å¾ shell ä¿åå½ä»¤æ¶ï¼ä¿çåµå¥çæ°è¡èä¸æ¯ç¨åå·ä»£æ¿ãåè§ä¸é¢ shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) ä¸ï¼åå»ºå½ä»¤ shopt çæè¿°ï¼æå³è®¾ç½®ååæ¶ shell éé¡¹çä¿¡æ¯ã

åå²æ©å±("HISTORY EXPANSION")

Event Designators

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	!!		å¼ç¨ä¸ä¸æ¡å½ä»¤ãè¿æ¯ ‘!-1’ çåä¹è¯ã

!string

å¼ç¨æè¿çä»¥ string å¼å§çå½ä»¤ã

!?string[?]

ˆ string1 ˆ string2 ˆ

å¿«éæ¿æ¢ãéå¤ä¸ä¸æ¡å½ä»¤ï¼å° string1 æ¿æ¢ä¸º string2. ä¸ ‘‘!!:s/string1/string2/’’ çä»· (åè§ä¸é¢ç ä¿®é¥°ç¬¦ (Modifiers))ã

å°æ¤ä¸ºæ¢è¾å¥çæ´ä¸ªå½ä»¤è¡ã

Word Designators

è¯æç¤ºå¨ (word designator) ç¨äºä» event ä¸éæ©ææçè¯ã : åé event è§åä¸ word æç¤ºå¨ãå®å¯ä»¥å¿½ç¥ï¼å¦æè¯æç¤ºå¨ä»¥ ˆ, $, *, -, æ % å¼å§ãè¯è¢«ä»è¡é¦å¼å§ç¼å·ï¼ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªè¯è¢«è¡¨ç¤ºä¸º 0ãæå¥å½åè¡ä¸- çè¯ä»¥åä¸ªç©ºæ ¼åéã
0 (zero)

ç¬¬ 0 ä¸ªè¯ãå¯¹ shell æ¥å°ï¼è¿æ¯å½ä»¤åã

	n		ç¬¬ n ä¸ªè¯ã
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	$		æåçåæ°ã
	%		æè¿ä¸æ¬¡æç´¢ ‘?string?’ å¹éçè¯ã
	x-y		ä¸ç»è¯ï¼‘-y’ æ¯ ‘0-y’ çç®åã
	*		ææè¯ï¼é¤äºç¬¬ 0 ä¸ªãè¿æ¯ ‘1-$’ çåä¹è¯ãå¦æ event ä¸- åªæä¸ä¸ªè¯ï¼ä½¿ç¨ * ä¹ä¸æ¯éè¯¯ï¼è¿ç§æåµä¸å°è¿åç©ºåç¬¦ä¸²ã
	x*		x-$ çç®åã
	x-		-$ çç®åï¼å°±å x* ä¸æ ·ï¼ä½æ¯å¿½ç¥æåä¸ä¸ªè¯ã

ä¿®é¥°ç¬¦ (Modifiers)

	h		å é¤æä»¶åç»æçå°¾é¨ï¼åªä¿çå¤´é¨ã
	t		å é¤æä»¶åç»æä¸åé¢çæåï¼ä¿çå°¾é¨ã
	r		å é¤ .xxx å½¢å¼ä¸å°¾é¨çåç¼æåï¼ä¿çåºæ¬åç§°é¨åã
	e		å é¤ææåå®¹ï¼ä¿çå°¾é¨çåç¼ã
	p		æå°æ°çå½ä»¤ï¼ä½æ¯ä¸æ§è¡å®ã
	q		å¼ç¨æ¿æ¢æå¾çè¯ï¼ä½¿å®ä¸åè¿è¡æ¿æ¢ã
	x		å¼ç¨æ¿æ¢æå¾çè¯ï¼ç±»ä¼¼ä¸ q, ä½æ¯ä¼æ ¹æ® blanksï¼ç©ºç½ åæ°è¡ç¬¦åè§£ä¸ºè¯ã

s/old/new/

	&		éå¤ä¸ä¸æ¬¡æ¿æ¢ã
	g		ä½¿å¾æ¹åè¢«æ´ä¸ªäºä»¶è¡ææ¥åãç¨äºä¸ ‘:s’ æ ‘:&’ ç»å (ä¾å¦ï¼‘:gs/old/new/’)ã å¦æä¸ ‘:s’ ç»åä½¿ç¨ï¼ä»»ä½åéç¬¦é½å¯ä»¥ç¨æ¥ä»£æ¿ /ï¼ æåä¸ä¸ªåéç¬¦æ¯å¯éçï¼å¦æå®æ¯äºä»¶è¡çæåä¸ä¸ªåç¬¦ã

shell åå»ºå½ä»¤(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS)

. filename [arguments]
source filename [arguments]

è¯»åå¹¶å¨å½å shell ç¯å¢ä¸æ§è¡ filename ä¸çå½ä»¤ï¼è¿å filename ä¸æåä¸ä¸ªå½ä»¤çè¿åç¶æãå¦æ filename ä¸ä¸åå«ææ (slash)ï¼ç³»ç»å°å¨ PATH ä¸æ¥æ¾åå« filename çç®å½ãå¨ PATH ä¸æç´¢çæä»¶ä¸å¿æ¯å¯æ§è¡çã å¦æ bash ä¸æ¯è¿è¡äº posix modeï¼å½ PATH ä¸- æ¾ä¸å°æä»¶æ¶ä¼å¨å½åç®å½æç´¢ãå¦æ shopt åå»ºå½ä»¤ç sourcepath éé¡¹è¢«å³éï¼ PATH å°ä¸ä¼è¢«æç´¢ãå¦ææä»»ä½ arguments ï¼å®ä»¬æä¸º filename çä½ç½®åæ° (positional parameters)ï¼å¦å ä½ç½®åæ°ä¸åçååã è¿åç¶ææ¯èæ¬ä¸æåä¸ä¸ªå½ä»¤éåºæ¶çç¶æã æ²¡ææ§è¡å½ä»¤åè¿å0ï¼æ²¡ææ¾å°æä¸è½è¯»å filename æ¶è¿åfalseã

alias [-p] [name[=value] ...]

Alias ä¸å¸¦åæ°æèå¸¦ -p åæ°è¿è¡æ¶å°å¨æ åè¾åºä»¥è¿æ ·çæ ¼å¼ alias name=value ç»åºå«ååè¡¨ã å¦ææåæ°ï¼å°åå»ºæä¾äº value ç name çå«åã value ä¸å°¾é¨çç©ºæ ¼ä½¿å¾å«åè¢«æ©å±æ¶ï¼ä¸ä¸ä¸ªè¯åå«åæ¿æ¢ã å¯¹äºåæ°åè¡¨ä¸çæ¯ä¸ä¸ª nameï¼å¦æ value æ²¡æ ç»åºï¼è¿ä¸ªå«åçåç§°åå¼ä¼è¢«æå°åºæ¥ã Alias è¿å true é¤é name æ²¡æå®ä¹ä¸ºå«åã

bg [jobspec]

bind [-m keymap] [-lpsvPSV]
bind [-m keymap] [-q function] [-u function] [-r keyseq]
bind [-m keymap] -f filename
bind [-m keymap] -x keyseq:shell-command
bind [-m keymap] keyseq:function-name
bind readline-command

æ¾ç¤ºå½å readline é®ååè½çï¼å°ä¸ä¸ªæé®åºååä¸ä¸ª readline åè½æå®è¿è¡å³èï¼æèè®¾ç½®ä¸ä¸ª readline åéãæ¯ä¸ä¸ªå¨ééé¡¹çåæ°é½æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå½ä»¤ï¼å¥½åå®æ¯å¨ .inputrc ä¸- åºç°çä¸æ ·ãä½æ¯æ¯ä¸ªå³èæèå½ä»¤å¿é¡»ä½ä¸ºåç¬çåæ°ä¼ éï¼ ä¹å°±æ¯è¿æ · ’"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file’ã å¦ææåæ°ï¼å®ä»¬æå¦ä¸çæä¹ï¼
-m keymap

ä½¿ç¨ keymap ä½ä¸ºéåçå³èçkeymapãå¯éç keymap åç§°æ¯ emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-commandï¼è¿æ vi-insertã vi å vi-command çä»·; emacs å emacs-standard çä»·ã

	-l		ååºææç readline åè½ã
	-p		ä»¥ç¨åºå¯è¯»çæ¹å¼æ¾ç¤º readline åè½åç§°åå³è
	-P		ååºå½å readline åè½åç§°åå³èã
	-v		ä»¥ç¨åºå¯è¯»çæ¹å¼æ¾ç¤º readline åéåç§°åå¼
	-V		ååºå½å readline åéåå¼ã
	-s		ä»¥ç¨åºå¯è¯»çæ¹å¼æ¾ç¤º readline é®åºååå¯¹åºçå®
	-S		æ¾ç¤º readline å®å¯¹åºçé®åºååä»ä»¬è¾åºçåç¬¦ä¸²

-f filename

ä» filename ä¸è¯»åé®åºå

-q function

æ¥è¯¢é£äºé®å°æ§è¡functionã

-u function

åæ¶ææå³èå° function çé®ã

-r keyseq

åæ¶å½åä»»ä½ keyseq çå³èã

-x keyseq:shell-command

ä½¿ shell-command å¨ keyseq æä¸æ¶è¢«æ§è¡ã

break [n]

ä»ä¸ä¸ª for, while, until, æè select å¾ªç¯éåºã å¦ææå®äº n ï¼å°±è·³åº n å±å¾ªç¯ã n å¿é¡» ≥ 1ãå¦æ n æ¯å½åå¾ªç¯å±æ°è¿è¦å¤§ï¼å°è·³åºææå¾ªç¯ã è¿åå¼æ¯0ï¼é¤éæ§è¡ break çæ¶å shell ä¸æ¯å¨æ§è¡ä¸ä¸ªå¾ªç¯ã

builtin shell-builtin [arguments]

cd [-L|-P] [dir]

æ¹åå½åè·¯å¾å° dirãè¿ä¸ªåéçé»è®¤å¼æ¯ HOME ç®å½ãç¯å¢åé CDPATH å®ä¹äºåå« dir çæç´¢è·¯å¾ãå¨ CDPATH ä¸å¯éçè·¯å¾åä»¥åå·(:) åéã CDPATH ä¸çç©ºè·¯å¾åä¸å½åè·¯å¾ç¸åï¼å°±æ¯ ‘‘.’’. å¦æ ç®å½å ä»¥ææ (/,slash) èµ·å§ï¼é£ä¹ CDPATH ä¸ä¼è¢«ä½¿ç¨ã -P éé¡¹æ¯è¯´ä½¿ç¨ç©çè·¯å¾ç»æèä¸æ¯è·éç¬¦å·é¾æ¥ï¼(åè§ set å½ä»¤ä¸ç -P éé¡¹); -L éé¡¹å¼ºå¶è·éç¬¦å·é¾æ¥ãå¦å¤ï¼éé¡¹ - ä¸ $OLDPWD æ¯ç¸åçã è¿åå¼æ¯ true ï¼å¦ææåå°æ¹åäºç®å½ï¼å¦åæ¯ falseã

command [-pVv] command [arg ...]

compgen [option] [word]

æ ¹æ® option ä¸º word äº§çå¯è½çè¡¥å¨ãoption æ¯ åå»ºå½ä»¤ complete æ¥åçä»»ä½éé¡¹ï¼é¤äº -p å -rï¼å°å¹éç»æåå°æ åè¾åºã å½ä½¿ç¨ -F æ -C éé¡¹æ¶ï¼å¯ç¼ç¨è¡¥å¨åè½æè®¾ç½®çå¤æ° shell åéå¦æå- å¨ï¼å¶å¼å°ä¸åæç¨ã

è¿åå¼ä¸ºçï¼é¤éæä¾äºéæ³çéé¡¹ï¼æèæ²¡æäº§çå¹éã

complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o comp-option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W
wordlist] [-P prefix] [-S suffix]

[-X filterpat] [-F function] [-C command] name [name ...]

complete -pr [name ...]

å¶ä»éé¡¹ï¼å¦æç»åºçè¯ï¼å·æä¸åæä¹ã-G, -W, å -X éé¡¹çåæ° (å¦æéè¦çè¯ï¼è¿åæ¬ -P å -S éé¡¹) åºå½è¢«å¼ç¨ï¼é¿åå¨æ§è¡åå»ºå½ä»¤ complete ä¹åè¢«æ©å±ã
-o comp-option

comp-option æ§å¶ç compspec é¤äºç®åå°äº§çè¡¥å¨ä¹å¤çå¤ç§è¡ä¸ºã comp-option å¯ä»¥æ¯å¦ä¸ä¹ä¸ï¼

default

ä½¿ç¨ readline çé»è®¤æä»¶åè¡¥å¨ï¼å¦æ compspec æ²¡æå¾å°å¹éã

dirnames

è¿è¡ç®å½åè¡¥å¨ï¼å¦æ compspec æ²¡æå¾å°å¹éã

filenames

nospace

-A action

alias

èµ·å«åãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ -a æå®ã

arrayvar

æ°ç»åéåã

	binding		Readline æé®å³èã
	builtin		shell åå»ºå½ä»¤çåç§°ãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ -b æå®ã
	command		å½ä»¤åãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ -c æå®ã

directory

ç®å½åãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ -d æå®ã

disabled

è¢«ç¦ç¨çåå»ºå½ä»¤åç§°ã

	enabled		å¯ç¨çåå»ºå½ä»¤åç§°ã
	export		è¢«å¯¼åºç shell åéåç§°ãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ -e æå®ã
	file		æä»¶åãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ -f æå®ã

function

shell å½æ°çåç§°ã

group

ç»åãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ -g æå®ã

helptopic

hostname

ä¸»æºåï¼ä»ç¯å¢åé HOSTFILE æå®çæä»¶ä¸å¾å°ã

	job		ä½ä¸åï¼å¦æä½ä¸æ§å¶è¢«æ¿æ´»çè¯ãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ -j æå®ã
	keyword		shell ä¿çåãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ -k æå®ã
	running		æ£å¨è¿è¡çä½ä¸åï¼å¦æä½ä¸æ§å¶è¢«æ¿æ´»çè¯ã
	service		æå¡åãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ -s æå®ã
	setopt		åå»ºå½ä»¤ set ç -o éé¡¹çææåæ°ã
	shopt		åå»ºå½ä»¤ shopt æ¥åç shell éé¡¹åã
	signal		ä¿¡å·åã
	stopped		åæ¢çä½ä¸åï¼å¦æä½ä¸æ§å¶è¢«æ¿æ´»çè¯ã
	user		ç¨æ·åãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ -u æå®ã

variable

shell åéçåç§°ãä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ -v æå®ã

-G globpat

-W wordlist

-C command

-F function

-X filterpat

-P prefix

-S suffix

continue [n]

declare [-afFirtx] [-p] [name[=value]]
typeset [-afFirtx] [-p] [name[=value]]

	-a		æ¯ä¸ª name é½æ¯æ°ç»åé (åè§ä¸é¢ç Arrays æ®µè½)ã
	-f		åªä½¿ç¨å½æ°åã
	-i		åéè¢«å½ä½ä¸ä¸ªæ´æ°ï¼å½åéè¢«èµå¼æ¶å°è¿è¡ç®æ¯è¿ç® (åè§ ç®æ¯æ±å¼ (ARITHMETIC EVALUATION) ç« è)ã
	-r		ä½¿å¾ name åªè¯»ãè¿äºåç§°ä¸è½åè¢«åç»çèµå¼è¯- å¥èµå¼æåæ¶å®ä¹ã
	-t		è®¾ç½®æ¯ä¸ª name ç trace(è·è¸ª) å±æ§ãè¢«è·è¸ªçå½æ°ç»§æ¿äº è°ç¨è shell ç DEBUG é·é±ãtrace å±æ§å¯¹åéæ²¡æç¹æ®æä¹ã
	-x		æ è®° name ä¸ºå¯ä»¥éè¿ç¯å¢å¯¼åºç»åç»å½ä»¤ã

dirs [-clpv] [+n] [-n]

	+n		æ¾ç¤º dirs å¨ä¸å¸¦éé¡¹æ§è¡æ¶æ¾ç¤ºçåè¡¨çç¬¬ n ä¸ªæ¡ç®ï¼ä» 0 å¼å§èªå·¦ç®èµ·ã
	-n		æ¾ç¤º dirs å¨ä¸å¸¦éé¡¹æ§è¡æ¶æ¾ç¤ºçåè¡¨çç¬¬ n ä¸ªæ¡ç®ï¼ä» 0 å¼å§èªå³ç®èµ·ã
	-c		å é¤æææ¡ç®ï¼æ¸ç©ºç®å½æ ã
	-l		äº§çé¿åè¡¨ï¼é»è®¤åè¡¨æ¼å¼ä½¿ç¨æ³¢æµªçº¿æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºä¸ªäººç®å½ã
	-p		è¾åºç®å½æ ï¼ä¸è¡ä¸ä¸ªã
	-v		è¾åºç®å½æ ï¼ä¸è¡ä¸ä¸ªï¼æ¯ä¸ªæ¡ç®åé¢å ä¸å®å¨æ ä¸- çä½ç½®ç´¢å¼ã

disown [-ar] [-h] [jobspec ...]

echo [-neE] [arg ...]

	\a		alert (bell) åé
	\b		backspace åé
	\c		suppress trailing newline å é¤å°¾é¨æ°è¡ç¬¦
	\e		an escape character åç¬¦ Esc
	\f		form feed è¿çº¸
	\n		new line æ°è¡ç¬¦
	\r		carriage return åè½¦
	\t		horizontal tab æ°´å¹³è·³æ ¼
	\v		vertical tab ç«ç´è·³æ ¼
	\\		backslash åææ
	\0nnn		ä¸ä¸ªå«æ¯ç¹åç¬¦ï¼å®çå¼æ¯å«è¿å¶å¼ nnn (é¶å°ä¸ä¸ªå«è¿å¶æ°å- )ã
	\nnn		ä¸ä¸ªå«æ¯ç¹åç¬¦ï¼å®çå¼æ¯å«è¿å¶å¼ nnn (ä¸å°ä¸ä¸ªå«è¿å¶æ°å- )ã
	\xHH		ä¸ä¸ªå«æ¯ç¹åç¬¦ï¼å®çå¼æ¯ååè¿å¶å¼ HH (ä¸å°ä¸¤ä¸ªååè¿å¶æ°å- )ã

enable [-adnps] [-f filename] [name ...]

eval [arg ...]

arg è¢«è¯»åå¹¶è¿ç»ä¸ºåä¸çå½ä»¤ãè¿ä¸ªå½ä»¤ç¶åè¢« shell è¯»åå¹¶æ§è¡ï¼ å®çéåºç¶æè¢«ä½ä¸º eval çå¼è¿åãå¦ææ²¡æ argsï¼ æä»ä»åå«ç©ºåæ°ï¼ eval è¿å 0ã

exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments]]

å¦ææå®äº commandï¼ å®å°æ¿æ¢ shellãä¸ä¼äº§çæ°çè¿ç¨ã arguments æä¸º command çåæ°ãå¦æç»åºäº -l éé¡¹ï¼shell å°å¨ä¼ éç» command çç¬¬ 0 ä¸ªåæ°åé¢å ä¸ä¸ä¸ªè¿åç¬¦ (dash,‘-’)ãè¿æ ·åå login(1) ç¸åãéé¡¹ -c ä½¿å¾å½ä»¤ command å¨ä¸ä¸ªç©ºç¯å¢ä¸æ§è¡ãå¦æç»åºäº -aï¼ shell ä¼å° name ä½ä¸ºç¬¬ 0 ä¸ªåæ°ä¼ éç»è¦æ§è¡çå½ä»¤ãå¦æç±äºæç§åå as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If command ä¸è½è¢«æ§è¡ï¼éäº¤äºç shell å°éåºï¼é¤é shell éé¡¹ execfail è¢«è®¾ç½®ä¸ºåè®¸ï¼è¿ç§æåµä¸å®è¿åå¤±è´¥ãå¦æå½ä»¤ä¸è½æ§è¡ï¼äº¤äºç shell è¿åå¤±è´¥ã å¦ææ²¡ææå® command ä»»ä½éå®åå¯¹å½å shell åçä½ç¨ï¼è¿åå¼æ¯ 0ãå¦æåçéå®åéè¯¯ï¼è¿åç¶ææ¯ 1ã

exit [n]

export [-fn] [name[=word]] ...
export -p

fc [-e ename] [-nlr] [first] [last]
fc -s [pat=rep] [cmd]

fg [jobspec]

getopts optstring name [args]

getopts ç± shell ç¨åºç¨æ¥å¤çä½ç½®åæ°ã optstring åå«è¦è¯å«çéé¡¹å- ç¬¦ï¼å¦ææä¸ªåç¬¦è·éçåå·ï¼é£ä¹è¿ä¸ªéé¡¹éè¦ä¸ä¸ªåæ°ï¼ éè¦ç¨ç©ºç½åå®éç¦»å¼ãåå·åé®å·åç¬¦ä¸è½ç¨ä½éé¡¹åç¬¦ãæ¯æ¬¡å®æ§è¡æ¶ï¼ getopts å°ä¸ä¸ä¸ªéé¡¹æ¾å¨ shell åé name ä¸ï¼å¦æ name ä¸å- å¨å°±åå§åå®ï¼ä¸ä¸ä¸ªè¦å¤ççåæ°çç´¢å¼æ¾å¨åé OPTIND ä¸ãæ¯æ¬¡ shell æ shell èæ¬è¢«æ§è¡çæ¶å OPTIND è¢«åå§åä¸º 1ãå½æä¸ªéé¡¹éè¦åæ°æ¶ï¼ getopts å°é£ä¸ªåæ°æ¾å°åé OPTARG ä¸ãshell ä¸ä¼èªå¨éç½® OPTINDï¼ å¨ç¸åç shell ä¸ï¼å¦æè¦ä½¿ç¨æ°çåæ°éåèéè¦å¤æ¬¡è°ç¨ getopts æ¶ï¼å¿é¡»æå¨éç½®å®ã

å½éå°éé¡¹ç»æçæ¶åï¼getopts ä»¥å¤§äº 0 çå¼éåºã OPTIND è¢«è®¾ç½®ä¸ºç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªééé¡¹çåæ°çç´¢å¼ï¼name è¢«è®¾ç½®ä¸º ?ã

getopts éå¸¸è§£éä½ç½®åæ°ï¼ä½æ¯å¦æ args ä¸ç»åºäºæ´å¤åæ°ï¼ getopts å°è§£éå®ä»¬ã

hash [-lr] [-p filename] [-dt] [name]

help [-s] [pattern]

history [n]
history -c
history -d offset
history -anrw [filename]
history -p arg [arg ...]
history -s arg [arg ...]

-c

-d offset

å é¤ offset ä½ç½®çåå²æ¡ç®ã

	-a		å° ‘‘æ°’’ çåå²æ¡ç® (èªå½å bash ä¼è¯å¼å§è¾å¥çåå²å½ä»¤) è¿½å å°åå²æä»¶ä¸ã
	-n		å°å°æªä»åå²æä»¶ä¸è¯»åçåå²æ¡ç®è¯»å¥å½ååå²åè¡¨ãè¿äºè¡æ¯å½å bash ä¼è¯å¼å§ä¹åï¼æè¿½å å°åå²æä»¶ä¸çè¡ã
	-r		è¯»ååå²æä»¶çåå®¹ï¼ä½¿ç¨å®ä»¬ä½ä¸ºå½ååå²ã
	-w		å°å½ååå²åè¡¨åå¥åå²æä»¶ï¼è¦çåå²æä»¶çåæåå®¹ã
	-p		å¯¹åç»ç args è¿è¡åå²æ¿æ¢ï¼å¨æ åè¾åºä¸æ¾ç¤ºç»æã ä¸ä¼å°ç»æåå¥åå²åè¡¨ãæ¯ä¸ª args é½å¿é¡»è¢«å¼ç¨ï¼æ¥ç¦æ¢ æ®éçå½ä»¤æ©å±ã
	-s		å° args ä¿åå°åå²åè¡¨ä¸ï¼ä½ä¸ºåç¬çæ¡ç®ãåå²åè¡¨ä¸- çæåä¸ä¸ªå½ä»¤å¨æ·»å args ä¹åè¢«å é¤ã

jobs [-lnprs] [ jobspec ... ]
jobs -x command [ args ... ]

ç¬¬ä¸ç§å½¢å¼ååºæ£å¨è¿è¡çä½ä¸ãéé¡¹å·æä¸åæä¹ï¼

	-l		æ®éä¿¡æ¯ä¹å¤ï¼ååºè¿ç¨IDã
	-p		åªååºä½ä¸çè¿ç¨ç» leader çè¿ç¨IDã
	-n		åªæ¾ç¤ºä»ä¸æ¬¡ç¨æ·å¾ç¥å®ä»¬çç¶æä¹åï¼ç¶æåçæ¹åçä½ä¸çä¿¡æ¯ã
	-r		éå¶åªè¾åºæ£å¨è¿è¡çä½ä¸ã
	-s		éå¶åªè¾åºåæ¢çä½ä¸ã

å¦æç»åºäº -x éé¡¹ï¼ä½ä¸ jobs å° command æ args ä¸çä»»ä½ jobspec æ¿æ¢ä¸ºç¸åºçè¿ç¨ç»IDï¼æ§è¡ commandï¼ ä¼ éåæ° args ç»å®å¹¶è¿åå®çéåºç¶æã

kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] [pid | jobspec] ...
kill -l [sigspec | exit_status]

åä»¥ pid æ jobspec ä¸ºåçè¿ç¨åéåä¸º sigspec æ signum çä¿¡å·ã sigspec å¯ä»¥æ¯ä¸ä¸ªä¿¡å·åç§°ï¼ç±»ä¼¼ SIGKILL æä¿¡å·ç¼å·ï¼ signum æ¯ä¸ä¸ªä¿¡å·ç¼å·ãå¦æ sigspec æ¯ä¸ä¸ªä¿¡å·åç§°ï¼é£ä¹å¯ä»¥æï¼ä¹å¯ä»¥æ²¡æ SIG åç¼ãå¦ææ²¡æç»åº sigspecï¼ é£ä¹åè®¾æ¯ SIGTERMã åæ° -l å°ååºææä¿¡å·çåç§°ãå¦æç»åº -l æ¶è¿æä»»ä½åæ°ï¼å°ååºåæ°å¯¹åºçä¿¡å·åç§°ï¼è¿åç¶æ 0ã -l ç exit_status åæ°æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ°åï¼æå®äºä¸ä¸ªä¿¡å·ç¼å·æè¢«ä¿¡å· ç»æ- ¢çè¿ç¨çéåºç¶æå¼ã kill è¿åçï¼å¦æè³å°æååéäºä¸ä¸ªä¿¡å·ï¼æèè¿ååï¼å¦æåçäºéè¯¯æéå°äº éæ³çéé¡¹ã

let arg [arg ...]

æ¯ä¸ª arg é½æ¯è¦æ±å¼çç®æ¯è¡¨è¾¾å¼ (åè§ ç®æ¯æ±å¼ (ARITHMETIC EVALUATION) ç« è)ãå¦ææåä¸ä¸ªåæ° arg æ±å¼ç»ææ¯ 0ï¼ let è¿å 1ï¼å¦åè¿å 0ã

local [option] [name[=value] ...]

logout

éåºç»å½ shellã

popd [-n] [+n] [-n]

	+n		å é¤ dirs ç»åºçåè¡¨ä¸ä»å·¦æ°ç¬¬ n ä¸ªæ¡ç® (ä» 0 ç®èµ·)ãä¾å¦ï¼ ‘‘popd +0’’ å é¤ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªç®å½ï¼ ‘‘popd +1’’ ç¬¬äºä¸ªã
	-n		å é¤ dirs ç»åºçåè¡¨ä¸ä»å³æ°ç¬¬ n ä¸ªæ¡ç® (ä» 0 ç®èµ·)ãä¾å¦ï¼ ‘‘popd -0’’ å é¤æåä¸ä¸ªç®å½ï¼ ‘‘popd -1’’ å é¤åæ°ç¬¬äºä¸ªã
	-n		é»æ¢ä»æ ä¸å é¤ç®å½ä¹åæ¹åç®å½ï¼è¿æ¶åªå¯¹æ è¿è¡æä½ã

printf format [arguments]

å¨ format æ§å¶ä¸å°æ ¼å¼åç arguments åå°æ åè¾åºã format æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå- ç¬¦ä¸²ï¼åå«ä¸ç§ç±»åçå¯¹è±¡ï¼æ®éåç¬¦ï¼è¢«ç®åå° å¤å¶å°æ åè¾åºï¼è½¬ä¹å- ç¬¦ï¼è¢«è½¬æ¢å¹¶å¤å¶å°æ åè¾åºï¼æ ¼å¼è¯´æï¼æ¯ä¸ä¸ª é½ä½¿å¾ç¸é»çä¸ä¸ä¸ª argument è¢«æå°åºæ¥ã å¨æ åç printf(1) æ ¼å¼ä¹å¤ï¼%b ä½¿å¾ printf å±å¼ç¸åº arguments ä¸- çåææ è½¬ä¹åºåï¼%q ä½¿å¾ printf å° ç¸åºç argument ä»¥ä¸ç§å¯ä»¥éç¨ä¸º shell è¾å¥çæ ¼å¼è¾åºã

format å¨éè¦æ¶è¢«éç¨ï¼ä»¥å¤çææç argumentsã å¦æ format éè¦æ¯ææä¾çæ´å¤ç argumentsï¼ å¤åºçæ ¼å¼è¯´æè§ä¸ºå·²ç»æä¾äºç¸åºç 0 å¼æç©ºåç¬¦ä¸²ã æåçè¯è¿åå¼æ¯ 0ï¼å¤±è´¥åæ¯é 0 å¼ã

pushd [-n] [dir]
pushd [-n] [+n] [-n]

	+n		è½®æ¢æ ä¸åå®¹ï¼ä½¿å¾ dirs ç»åºçåè¡¨ä¸ä»å·¦æ°ç¬¬ n ä¸ªç®å½ (ä» 0 æ°èµ·) æä¸ºç®å½æ çé¡¶é¨ã
	-n		è½®æ¢æ ä¸åå®¹ï¼ä½¿å¾ dirs ç»åºçåè¡¨ä¸ä»å³æ°ç¬¬ n ä¸ªç®å½ (ä» 0 æ°èµ·) æä¸ºç®å½æ çé¡¶é¨ã
	-n		é»æ¢åæ ä¸æ·»å ç®å½ä¹åæ¹åç®å½ï¼è¿æ¶åªå¯¹æ è¿è¡æä½ã
	dir		æ·»å dir å°æ é¡¶ï¼ä½¿å¾å®æä¸ºæ°çå½åå·¥ä½ç®å½ã

pwd [-LP]

read [-ers] [-u fd] [-t timeout] [-a aname] [-p prompt] [-n nchars] [-d
delim] [name ...]

-d delim

-e

-n nchars

-p prompt

	-r		åææ ä¸ä½ä¸ºè½¬ä¹å- ç¬¦ãåææè¢«è®¤ä¸ºè¡çä¸é¨åãç¹æ®å°ï¼ä¸å¯¹åææ-æ°è¡ç¬¦ä¸ä½ä¸ºç»- è¡ã
	-s		å®éæ¨¡å¼ãå¦æè¾å¥æ¥èªç»ç«¯ï¼åç¬¦å°ä¸ä¼åæ¾ã

-t timeout

-u fd

ä»æä»¶æè¿°ç¬¦ fd ä¸è¯»åè¾å¥ã

readonly [-apf] [name ...]

return [n]

set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option] [arg ...]

	-a		èªå¨å°è¢«ä¿®æ¹æåå»ºçåéåå½æ°æ å¿ä¸ºå¯¼åºè³åç»- å½ä»¤çç¯å¢ä¸ã
	-b		åå°ä½ä¸ç»ææ¶ç«å³æ¥åç¶æï¼èä¸æ¯å¨ä¸æ¬¡æ¾ç¤ºä¸»æç¤ºç¬¦åæ¥åãåªæå¨å¯ç¨ä½ä¸æ§å¶æ¶æææã
	-e		ç«å³éåºï¼å¦æ simple command (ç®åå½ä»¤ï¼åè§ä¸é¢ç SHELL GRAMMAR è¯æ³) ä»¥éé¶å¼éåºãshell ä¸ä¼éåºï¼å¦æå¤±è´¥çå½ä»¤æ¯ until æ while å¾ªç¯çä¸é¨åï¼ if è¯å¥çä¸é¨åï¼ && æ ⎪⎪ åºåçä¸é¨åï¼æèå½ä»¤çè¿åå¼æ¯ç± ! ç¿»è½¬å¾å°ãéå¯¹ ERR çé·é±ï¼å¦æè®¾ç½®çè¯ï¼å°å¨ shell éåºåæ§è¡ã
	-f		ç¦æ¢è·¯å¾æ©å±ã
	-h		å¨æ¥æ¾å¹¶æ§è¡å½ä»¤æ¶ï¼è®°ä½å®ä»¬çä½ç½®ãè¿æ¯é»è®¤å¯ç¨çã
	-k		ææä»¥èµå¼è¯å¥å½¢å¼åºç°çåæ°é½è¢«å å¥å°å½ä»¤æ§è¡çç¯å¢ä¸- ï¼ä¸ä»æ¯å½ä»¤ååé¢é£äºã
	-m		çè§æ¨¡å¼ãä½ä¸æ§å¶è¢«å¯ç¨ãå¨æ¯æè¿ä¸ªéé¡¹çç³»ç»ä¸- ï¼å®å¨äº¤äº shell ä¸æ¯é»è®¤å¯ç¨ç (åè§ä¸é¢ç JOB CONTROL ä½ä¸æ§å¶)ã åå°è¿ç¨å¨åç¬çè¿ç¨ç»ä¸- è¿è¡ï¼ç»ææ¶å°æå°åºåå«å®ä»¬éåºç¶æçä¸è¡ä¿¡æ¯ã
	-n		è¯»åå½ä»¤ï¼ä½ä¸æ§è¡ãè¿å¯ä»¥ç¨å¨æ£æ¥ shell èæ¬ä¸çè¯- æ³éè¯¯ãäº¤äº shell ä¸å®è¢«å¿½ç¥ã

-o option-name

option-name å¯ä»¥æ¯å¦ä¸ä¹ä¸ï¼
allexport

ä¸ -a ç¸åã

braceexpand

ä¸ -B ç¸åã

	emacs		ä½¿ç¨ emacs æ ·å¼çå½ä»¤è¡ç¼è¾çé¢ãè¿ä¸ªéé¡¹å¨äº¤äº shell ä¸- é»è®¤å¯ç¨ï¼é¤é shell ä»¥ --noediting éé¡¹å¯å¨ã
	errexit		ä¸ -e ç¸åã
	hashall		ä¸ -h ç¸åã

histexpand

ä¸ -H ç¸åã

history

ignoreeof

å®çæææ¯å¥½åå·²ç»æ§è¡äº shell å½ä»¤ ‘‘IGNOREEOF=10’’ ä¸æ · (åè§ä¸é¢ç Shell Variables åé)ã

	keyword		ä¸ -k ç¸åã
	monitor		ä¸ -m ç¸åã

noclobber

ä¸ -C ç¸åã

	noexec		ä¸ -n ç¸åã
	noglob		ä¸ -f ç¸åã nolog å½åè¢«å¿½ç¥ã
	notify		ä¸ -b ç¸åã
	nounset		ä¸ -u ç¸åã
	onecmd		ä¸ -t ç¸åã

physical

ä¸ -P ç¸åã

posix

å¦æé»è®¤æä½ä¸ POSIX 1003.2 ä¸åçè¯ï¼æ¹å bash çè¡ä¸ºï¼æ¥æ»¡è¶³æ å (posix mode)ã

privileged

ä¸ -p ç¸åã

	verbose		ä¸ -v ç¸åã
	vi		ä½¿ç¨ vi æ ·å¼çå½ä»¤è¡ç¼è¾çé¢ã
	xtrace		ä¸ -x ç¸åã

	-p		æå¼ privileged mode (ç¹ææ¨¡å¼)ã å¨è¿ä¸ªæ¨¡å¼ä¸ï¼ä¸ä¼å¤ç $ENV å $BASH_ENV æä»¶ï¼shell å½æ°ä¸ä¼ä»ç¯å¢ä¸- ç»§æ¿ï¼ç¯å¢ä¸å¦ææåé SHELLOPTSï¼ ä¹å°è¢«å¿½ç¥ãå¦æ shell å¯å¨æ¶çææç¨æ·(ç») ID ä¸çå®ç¨æ·(ç») ID ä¸åï¼å¹¶ä¸æ²¡æç»åº -p éé¡¹ï¼ å°æ§è¡è¿äºæä½ï¼ææç¨æ· ID å°è®¾ç½®ä¸ºçå®ç¨æ· IDãå¦æå¯å¨æ¯ç»åºäº -p éé¡¹ï¼ææç¨æ· ID ä¸ä¼ è¢«éç½®ãå°è¿ä¸ªéé¡¹å³éä½¿å¾ææç¨æ·åç» ID è¢«è®¾ç½®ä¸ºçå®ç¨æ·åç» IDã
	-t		è¯»åå¹¶æ§è¡ä¸ä¸ªå½ä»¤ä¹åéåºã
	-u		å¨è¿è¡åæ°æ©å±æ¶ï¼å°æªå®ä¹çåéä½ä¸ºéè¯¯ãå¦æè¯å¾æ©å±æªå®ä¹çåéï¼shell å°è¾åºä¸æ¡éè¯¯æ¶æ¯; å¦ææ¯éäº¤äºç shellï¼shell å°ä»¥éé¶å¼éåºã
	-v		å¨è¯»åè¾å¥çåæ¶æå°åºæ¥ã
	-x		æ©å±æ¯ä¸ªç®åå½ä»¤ä¹åï¼æ¾ç¤º PS4 çå¼ï¼æ¥çæ¾ç¤ºå½ä»¤åå®æ©å±åçåæ°ã
	-B		shell æ§è¡è±æ¬å·æ©å± (åè§ä¸é¢ç Brace Expansion)ã è¿æ¯é»è®¤åè®¸çã
	-C		å¦æè®¾ç½®çè¯ï¼ bash ä½¿ç¨éå®åæä½ç¬¦ >, >&, å <> æ¶ï¼ä¸ä¼è¦çå·²åå¨çæä»¶ãå¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨éå®åæä½ç¬¦ >\| ä»£æ¿ > æ¥åå»ºè¾åºæä»¶ï¼ä»èç»è¿è¿ä¸ªéå¶ã
	-H		åè®¸ Enable ! æ ·å¼çåå²æ¿æ¢ãå¨äº¤äº shell ä¸- è¿ä¸ªéé¡¹æ¯é»è®¤å¯ç¨çã
	-P		å¦æè®¾ç½®çè¯ï¼shell å¨æ§è¡ç±»ä¼¼ cd çï¼æ¹åå½åå·¥ä½ç®å½çå½ä»¤æ¶ï¼ä¸ä¼è·éç¬¦å·è¿æ¥ãå®å°ä½¿ç¨ç©ççç®å½ç»ææ¥ä»£æ¿ãé»è®¤æåµä¸ï¼ bash å¨æ§è¡æ¹åå½åç®å½çå½ä»¤æ¶è·éè·¯å¾çé»è¾é¾ã
	--		å¦æè¿ä¸ªéé¡¹æ²¡æåæ°ï¼å°åæ¶ä½ç½®åæ°çå®ä¹ãå¦åï¼ä½ç½®åæ°å°è®¾ç½®ä¸º argï¼å³ä½¿å®ä»¬ä»¥ - å¼å§ã
	-		éç¥ä¿¡å·çç»æï¼ä½¿å¾ææå©ä½ç arg è¢«èµäºä½ç½®åæ°ã -x å -v éé¡¹è¢«å³éãå¦ææ²¡æ argï¼ä½ç½®åæ°å°ä¸ä¼æ¹åã

shift [n]

shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]

	-s		åè®¸(è®¾ç½®) æ¯ä¸ª optnameã
	-u		ç¦æ¢(åæ¶) æ¯ä¸ª optnameã
	-q		ç¦æ¢éå¸¸çè¾åº (å®éæ¨¡å¼)ï¼è¿åç¶ææç¤ºäº optname æ¯å¦è¢«è®¾ç½®ã å¦æå¯¹ -q ç»åºäºå¤ä¸ª optname åæ°ï¼å¦æææ optname é½è¢«åè®¸ï¼è¿åå¼å°±æ¯ 0ï¼ å¦åè¿åéé¶å¼ã
	-o		éå¶ optname çå¼ä¸ºåå»ºå½ä»¤ set ç -o éé¡¹å®ä¹çå¼ã

shopt éé¡¹çåè¡¨æ¯ï¼
cdable_vars

cdspell

checkhash

checkwinsize

	cmdhist		å¦æè®¾ç½®çè¯ï¼ bash è¯çå°ä¸ä¸ªå¤è¡å½ä»¤çææè¡æ¾å°åä¸ä¸ªåå²æ¡ç®ä¸ãè¿æ ·ä½¿å¾ å¤è¡å½ä»¤å¯ä»¥å®¹æå°éæ°ä¿®æ¹ã
	dotglob		å¦æè®¾ç½®çè¯ï¼ bash ä¼æä»¥ ‘.’ å¼å§çæä»¶ååå«å¨è·¯å¾åæ©å±çç»æä¸ã

execfail

expand_aliases

extglob

histappend

histreedit

histverify

hostcomplete

å¦æè®¾ç½®çè¯ï¼å¹¶ä¸æ£å¨ä½¿ç¨ readlineï¼ bash å°è¯çå¯¹æ- £å¨è¿è¡è¡¥å¨çåå« çè¯è¿è¡ä¸»æºåè¡¥å¨ (åè§ä¸é¢ç READLINE ä¸ç Completing æ®µè½)ãè¿æ¯é»è®¤åè®¸çã

huponexit

å¦æè®¾ç½®çè¯ï¼å¨äº¤äºçç»å½ shell éåºæ¶ bash å°åææä½ä¸ååº SIGHUP ä¿¡å·ã

interactive_comments

lithist

login_shell

mailwarn

å¦æè®¾ç½®çè¯ï¼å¹¶ä¸ bash æ£å¨æ£æµä¸æ¬¡æ£æµä»¥æ¥è¢«å- åè¿çé®ä»¶ï¼ å°æ¾ç¤º ‘‘The mail in mailfile has been read’’(mailfile ä¸çé®ä»¶å·²è¢«è¯»å)ã

no_empty_cmd_completion

nocaseglob

nullglob

progcomp

promptvars

restricted_shell

shift_verbose

sourcepath

xpg_echo

suspend [-f]

test expr
[ expr ]

è¡¨è¾¾å¼å¯ä»¥ç¨ä¸åæä½ç¬¦ç»åï¼ä»¥ä¼åçº§çéåºååºã

! expr

å¼ä¸ºçï¼å¦æ expr ä¸ºåã

( expr )

expr1 -a expr2

å¼ä¸ºçï¼å¦æ expr1 å expr2 é½ä¸ºçã

expr1 -o expr2

å¼ä¸ºçï¼å¦æ expr1 æ expr2 ä¸ºçã

è¡¨è¾¾å¼ä¸ºåã

1 argument

2 arguments

3 arguments

4 arguments

5 ææ´å¤ arguments

è¡¨è¾¾å¼è¢«æ ¹æ®ä¸é¢ååºçä¼åçº§è§åè§£éå¹¶æ§è¡ã

times

trap [-lp] [arg] [sigspec ...]

å½ shell æ¶å°ä¿¡å· sigspec æ¶ï¼å½ä»¤ arg å°è¢«è¯»åå¹¶æ§è¡ãå¦ææ²¡æç»åº arg æèç»åºçæ¯ -, æææå®çä¿¡å·è¢«è®¾ç½®ä¸ºå®ä»¬çåå§å¼ (è¿å¥ shell æ¶å®ä»¬çå¼)ãå¦æ arg æ¯ç©ºåç¬¦ä¸²ï¼ sigspec æå®çä¿¡å·è¢« shell åå®å¯å¨çå½ä»¤å¿½ç¥ãå¦æ arg ä¸åå¨ï¼å¹¶ä¸ç»åºäº -p é£ä¹ä¸æ¯ä¸ª sigspec ç¸å³èçé·é±å½ä»¤å°è¢«æ¾ç¤ºåºæ¥ãå¦ææ²¡æç»åºä»»ä½åæ°ï¼æåªç»åºäº -pï¼ trap å°æå°åºä¸æ¯ä¸ªä¿¡å·ç¼å·ç¸å³çå½ä»¤åè¡¨ãæ¯ä¸ª sigspec å¯ä»¥æ¯ <signal.h> å®ä¹çä¿¡å·åï¼ææ¯ä¸ä¸ªä¿¡å·ç¼å·ã å¦æ sigspec æ¯ EXIT (0)ï¼å½ä»¤ arg å°å¨ shell éåºæ¶æ§è¡ãå¦æ sigspec æ¯ DEBUG, å½ä»¤ arg å°å¨æ¯ä¸ªç®åå½ä»¤ (simple commandï¼åè§ä¸é¢ç SHELL GRAMMAR) ä¹åæ§è¡ãå¦æ sigspec æ¯ ERR, å½ä»¤ arg å°å¨ä»»ä½å½ä»¤ä»¥éé¶å¼éåºæ¶æ§è¡ãå¦æå¤±è´¥çå½ä»¤æ¯ until æ while å¾ªç¯çä¸é¨åï¼ if è¯å¥çä¸é¨åï¼ && æ ⎪⎪ åºåçä¸é¨åï¼æèå½ä»¤çè¿åå¼æ¯éè¿ ! è½¬åèæ¥ï¼ ERR é·é±å°ä¸ä¼æ§è¡ãéé¡¹ -l ä½¿å¾ shell æå°ä¿¡å·ååå¯¹åºç¼å·çåè¡¨ã shell å¿½ç¥çä¿¡å·ä¸è½è¢«æææéç½®ãå¨åè¿ç¨ä¸- ï¼è¢«ææçä¿¡å·å¨è¿ç¨åå»ºæ¶è¢«éç½®ä¸ºåå§å¼ã è¿åå¼ä¸ºåï¼å¦æ sigspec éæ³ï¼å¦å trap è¿åçã

type [-aftpP] name [name ...]

æ²¡æéé¡¹æ¶ï¼æç¤ºæ¯ä¸ª name å°å¦ä½è¢«è§£éï¼å¦æç¨ä½ä¸ä¸ªå½ä»¤åãå¦æä½¿ç¨äº -t éé¡¹ï¼ type æå°ä¸ä¸ªåç¬¦ä¸²ï¼åå®¹æ¯å¦ä¸ä¹ä¸ï¼ alias, keyword, function, builtin, æ file ï¼ å¦æ name åå«æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå«åï¼shell ä¿çå- ï¼å½æ°ï¼åå»ºå½ä»¤æç£çæä»¶ãå¦ææ²¡ææ¾å° nameï¼ é£ä¹ä¸ä¼æå°ä»»ä½ä¸è¥¿ï¼è¿åéåºç¶æåãå¦æä½¿ç¨äº -p éé¡¹ï¼ type è¿åå¦æ name ä½ä¸ºå½ä»¤åï¼å°è¢«æ§è¡çç£çæä»¶åï¼æèè¿åç©ºï¼å¦æ ‘‘type -t name’’ ä¸ä¼è¿å file. éé¡¹ -P éé¡¹å¼ºå¶å¯¹æ¯ä¸ª name æç´¢ PATHï¼ å³ä½¿ ‘‘type -t name’’ ä¸ä¼è¿å file. å¦æå½ä»¤å¨æ£åä¸ï¼ -p å -P å°æå°æ£åçå¼ï¼èä¸æ¯ PATH ä¸- é¦ååºç°çé£ä¸ä¸ªæä»¶ãå¦æä½¿ç¨äº -a éé¡¹ï¼ type æå°ææåå«å¯æ§è¡çåç§° name çåºåãç»æåæ¬å«ååå½æ°ï¼å½ä¸ä»å½æ²¡æåæ¶ä½¿ç¨ -p éé¡¹ãä½¿ç¨ -a æ¶ä¸ä¼æ¥æ¾æ£åä¸çå½ä»¤è¡¨ãéé¡¹ -f é»æ¢ shell è¿è¡æ¥æ¾ï¼å°±åå¨åå»ºå½ä»¤ command ä¸ä¸æ ·ã type è¿åçï¼å¦ææ¾å°äºä»»ä½åæ°ãä»ä¹é½æ²¡æ¾å°åè¿ååã

ulimit [-SHacdflmnpstuv [limit]]

	-a		æ¥åææå½åéé¢
	-c		core æä»¶çæå¤§å¼
	-d		è¿ç¨æ°æ®æ®µçæå¤§å¼
	-f		shell åå»ºçæä»¶çæå¤§å¼
	-l		ååä¸å¯ä»¥éå®çæå¤§å¼
	-m		å¸¸é©»ååçæå¤§å¼
	-n		æå¼çæä»¶æè¿°ç¬¦æå¤§ä¸ªæ° (å¤§å¤æ°ç³»ç»ä¸åè®¸è®¾ç½®è¿ä¸ªå¼)
	-p		ç®¡éå¤§å°ï¼ä»¥ 512 åèçåä¸ºåä½ (è¿ä¸ªå¼å¯è½ä¸è½è®¾ç½®)
	-s		æ çæå¤§å¼
	-t		cpu æ¶é´æ»æ°çæå¤§å¼ï¼ä»¥ç§è®¡
	-u		ç¨æ·å¯ä»¥è¿è¡çæå¤§è¿ç¨æ°
	-v		shell å¯ç¨çèæååæ»éçæå¤§å¼

umask [-p] [-S] [mode]

unalias [-a] [name ...]

unset [-fv] [name ...]

å°æ¯ä¸ª name å¯¹åºçåéæå½æ°å é¤ãå¦ææ²¡æç»åºéé¡¹ï¼æèç»åºäº -v éé¡¹ï¼ name ä»åæ¬ shell åéãåªè¯»çåéä¸è½è¢«åæ¶å®ä¹ãå¦æç»åºäº -f éé¡¹ï¼ name ä»åæ¬ shell å½æ°ï¼å½æ°çå®ä¹å°è¢«å é¤ãæ¯ä¸ªè¢«åæ¶å®ä¹çåéæå½æ°é½è¢«ä»åç»- å½ä»¤çç¯å¢ä¸å é¤ã å¦æ RANDOM, SECONDS, LINENO, HISTCMD, FUNCNAME, GROUPS, æè DIRSTACK ä¸- çä»»ä½ä¸ä¸ªè¢«åæ¶å®ä¹ï¼å®ä»¬å°ä¸§å¤±ç¹æ®çå±æ§ï¼å³ä½¿å®ä»¬åæ¥è¢«éæ°å®ä¹ã éåºç¶ææ¯çï¼é¤é name ä¸åå¨ææ¯åªè¯»çã

wait [n]

åéçshell(RESTRICTED SHELL)

å¦æ bash ä»¥ rbash åç§°å¯å¨ï¼æèå¯å¨æ¶ä½¿ç¨äº -r éé¡¹ï¼é£ä¹å®æä¸ºåéç shellã åéç shell ä¸è¬ç¨æ¥å»ºç«ä¸ä¸ªæ¯æ åç shell åå°æ´å¤æ§å¶çç¯å¢ã å®çè¡ä¸ºä¸ bash ä¸è´ï¼é¤äºä¸åè¡ä¸ºæ¯ä¸åè®¸ç (disallowed) æä¸ä¼è¿è¡ç (not performed)ã

	•		ä½¿ç¨ cd æ¥æ¹åè·¯å¾ï¼
	•		è®¾ç½®æåæ¶ SHELL, PATH, ENV, æ BASH_ENV åéçå¼ï¼
	•		æå®çå½ä»¤åä¸åå« / ï¼
	•		æå®åå« / çæä»¶åä½ä¸ºä¼ éç»åå»ºå½ä»¤ . çåæ°ï¼
	•		æå®åå«ææ (slash) çæä»¶åä½ä¸º -p éé¡¹çåæ°ï¼ä¼ éç» hash åå»ºå½ä»¤ï¼
	•		å¯å¨æ¶ä» shell ç¯å¢ä¸å¯¼å¥ (import) å½æ°å®ä¹ï¼
	•		å¯å¨æ¶è§£é shell ç¯å¢ä¸ SHELLOPTS çå¼ï¼
	•		ä½¿ç¨ >, >\|, <>, >&, &>, å >> çéå®åæä½ç¬¦éå®åè¾åºï¼
	•		ä½¿ç¨ exec åå»ºå½ä»¤æ¥ä»¥å¦ä¸ä¸ªå½ä»¤æ¿æ¢ shellï¼
	•		ä½¿ç¨ enable åå»ºå½ä»¤ç -f å -d éé¡¹æ¥å¢å åå é¤åå»ºå½ä»¤ï¼
	•		ä½¿ç¨ enable åå»ºå½ä»¤æ¥åè®¸åç¦æ¢ shell åå»ºå½ä»¤ï¼
	•		æå® command åå»ºå½ä»¤ç -p éé¡¹ï¼
	•		ä½¿ç¨ set +r æ set +o restricted æ¥å³éåéæ¨¡å¼ã

è¿äºéå¶å¨ææå¯å¨æä»¶è¯»åä¹åæä¼çæã

å½ä¸ä¸ª shell èæ¬ä½ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªå½ä»¤æ§è¡æ¶ (åè§ä¸é¢ç å½ä»¤æ§è¡(COMMAND EXECUTION) ç« è)ï¼ rbash å³éä¸ºæ§è¡èæ¬èåµå (spawn) ç shell çææéå¶ã

åè§("SEE ALSO")

Bash Reference Manual, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
The Gnu Readline Library, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
The Gnu History Library, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 2: Shell and
Utilities, IEEE
sh(1), ksh(1), csh(1)
emacs(1), vi(1)
readline(3)

æä»¶(FILES)

/bin/bash

bash å¯æ§è¡æä»¶

/etc/profile

ç³»ç»èå´çåå§åæä»¶ï¼ç»å½ shell ä¼æ§è¡å®

˜/.bash_profile

ä¸ªäººåå§åæä»¶ï¼ç»å½ shell ä¼æ§è¡å®

˜/.bashrc

ä¸ªäººçæ¯ä¸ªäº¤äºå¼ shell å¯å¨æ¶æ§è¡çæä»¶

˜/.bash_logout

˜/.inputrc

ä¸ªäººç readline åå§åæä»¶

ä½è(AUTHORS)

Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
bfox@gnu.org

Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
chet@ins.CWRU.Edu

æ¥åBUGS (BUG REPORTS)

ä¸æ¦ä½ è®¤å®åå¨é£æ ·ä¸ä¸ª bugï¼ä½¿ç¨ bashbug å½ä»¤æ¥æäº¤ä¸ä¸ªéè¯¯æ¥åã å¦æä½ æåºå®ä½åï¼é¼å±ä½ ç¨é®æ¿çæ¹å¼æäº¤ä¸ä»½ï¼ å»ºè®®åæå³ bash “å²å¦” (‘philosophical’) ç “éè¯¯æ¥å” å¯ä»¥å¯ç» bug-bash@gnu.org æèè´´å° Usenet æ°é»ç» gnu.bash.bug ä¹ä¸ã

ææéè¯¯æ¥ååºå½åæ¬ï¼

bash ççæ¬å·

ç¡¬ä»¶ä¿¡æ¯åæä½ç³»ç»

	ç¨æ¥ç¼è¯çç¼è¯å¨
	å¯¹ bug è¡ä¸ºçæè¿°

bashbug ä¼èªå¨å¨å®æä¾çéè¯¯æ¥åæ¨¡æ¿ä¸æå¥åä¸é¡¹ã

å³äºè¿ä»½æåé¡µçè¯è®ºåéè¯¯æ¥åè¯·ç´æ¥æäº¤å° chet@ins.CWRU.Edu.

BUGS

å®å¤ªå¤§äºï¼å¹¶ä¸æç¹æ¢ã

å«åæºå¶å¨ä¸äºåºç¨ä¸ä¼æ··æ·ã

Shell åå»ºå½ä»¤åå½æ°ä¸å¯ç»æ¢/éæ°å¼å§ã

æ°ç»åéè¿ä¸è½å¯¼åº (export)ã

[ä¸æçç»´æ¤äºº]

è¢ä¹é§ <bbbush@163.com>

[ä¸æçææ°æ´æ°]

2004.03.05

ãä¸å½linuxè®ºåmanæåé¡µç¿»è¯è®¡åã:

http://cmpp.linuxforum.net

è·

æ¬é¡µé¢ä¸æçç±ä¸æ man æåé¡µè®¡åæä¾ã
ä¸æ man æåé¡µè®¡åï¼https://github.com/man-pages-zh/manpages-zh

手册导航

man1

man2

man3

man4

man5

man6

man7

man8

BASH 1

目录

BASH

NAME

æ¦è¿°(SYNOPSIS)

çæææ(COPYRIGHT)

æè¿°(DESCRIPTION)

éé¡¹(OPTIONS)

åæ°(ARGUMENTS)

å¯å¨(INVOCATION)

å®ä¹(DEFINITIONS)

ä¿çå("RESERVED WORDS")

shellè¯æ³("SHELL GRAMMAR")

Simple Commands ç®åå½ä»¤

Pipelines ç®¡é

Lists åºå

Compound Commands å¤åå½ä»¤

æ³¨é(COMMENTS)

å¼ç¨(QUOTING)

åæ°(PARAMETERS)

Positional Parameters ä½ç½®åæ°

Special Parameters ç¹æ®åæ°

Shell Variables åé

Arrays

æ©å±(EXPANSION)

Brace Expansion

Tilde Expansion

Parameter Expansion

Command Substitution

Arithmetic Expansion

Process Substitution

Word Splitting

Pathname Expansion

Quote Removal

éå®å(REDIRECTION)

Redirecting Input

Redirecting Output

Appending Redirected Output (æ·»å å°éå®ååçè¾åºå°¾é¨)

Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error

Here Documents

Here Strings

Duplicating File Descriptors (å¤å¶æä»¶æè¿°ç¬¦)

Moving File Descriptors

Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing

å«å(ALIASES)

å½æ°(FUNCTIONS)

ç®æ¯æ±å¼("ARITHMETIC EVALUATION")

æ¡ä»¶è¡¨è¾¾å¼("CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS")

ç®åå½ä»¤æ©å±("SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION")

å½ä»¤æ§è¡(COMMAND EXECUTION)

å½ä»¤æ§è¡ç¯å¢(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT)

ç¯å¢(ENVIRONMENT)

éåºç¶æ("EXIT STATUS")

ä¿¡å·(SIGNALS)

ä½ä¸æ§å¶("JOB CONTROL")

æç¤ºç¬¦(PROMPTING)

readlineåº(READLINE)

Readline Notation

Readline Initialization åå§å

Readline Key Bindings

Readline Variables

Readline Conditional Constructs

Searching

Readline Command Names

Commands for Moving ç§»å¨

Commands for Manipulating the History æçºµåå²è¡

Commands for Changing Text æ¹åææ¬

Killing and Yanking åªååç²è´´

Numeric Arguments æ°å¼åæ°

Completing è¡¥å¨

Keyboard Macros å®