GREP 1

中文man手册

NAME grep, egrep, fgrep
总览 SYNOPSIS .B grep .RI [ options ] .I PATTERN .RI [ FILE .
描述 DESCRIPTION .PP .B Grep 搜索以 .IR FILE 命名的文件输入 (或者是标准输入，如果没有指定文件名，或者给出的文件名是 .B
选项 OPTIONS .TP .BI
正则表达式 REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
环境变量 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
诊断 DIAGNOSTICS .PP 一般地，如果找到了选择的行，退出时状态值为0，否则为1。但是如果发生错误，退出时状态值是2，除非指定了 .B
BUGS .PP bug 报告的电子邮件地址是 .BR bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org 。一定要在
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GREP

NAME
æ»è§ SYNOPSIS
æè¿° DESCRIPTION
éé¡¹ OPTIONS
æ£åè¡¨è¾¾å¼ REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
ç¯å¢åé ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
è¯æ DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
[ä¸æçç»´æ¤äºº]
[ä¸æçææ°æ´æ°]
ãä¸å½linuxè®ºåmanæåé¡µç¿»è¯è®¡åã:
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NAME

grep, egrep, fgrep - æå°å¹éç»å®æ¨¡å¼çè¡

æ»è§ SYNOPSIS

grep [options] PATTERN [FILE...]
grep [options] [-e PATTERN | -f FILE] [FILE...]

æè¿° DESCRIPTION

å¦å¤ï¼ä¹å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ä¸¤ä¸ªåç§ç¨åº egrep å fgrep ã Egrep ä¸ grep -E ç¸åã Fgrep ä¸ grep -F ç¸åã

éé¡¹ OPTIONS

-A NUM, --after-context=NUM

-a, --text

-B NUM, --before-context=NUM

-C NUM, --context=NUM

-b, --byte-offset

å¨è¾åºçæ¯è¡åé¢åæ¶æå°åºå½åè¡å¨è¾å¥æä»¶ä¸çåèåç§»éã

--binary-files=TYPE

--colour[=WHEN], --color[=WHEN]

å¨å¹éçè¡å¨å´ä»¥ GREP_COLOR ç¯å¢åéä¸æå®çè®°å·æ¥æ è®°ãWHEN å¯ä»¥æ¯ ‘never’, ‘always’, ææ¯ ‘auto’ã

-c, --count

-D ACTION, --devices=ACTION

-d ACTION, --directories=ACTION

-E, --extended-regexp

-e PATTERN, --regexp=PATTERN

-F, --fixed-strings

-P, --perl-regexp

-f FILE, --file=FILE

-G, --basic-regexp

-H, --with-filename

ä¸ºæ¯ä¸ªå¹éæå°æä»¶åã

-h, --no-filename

å½æç´¢å¤ä¸ªæä»¶æ¶ï¼ç¦æ¢å¨è¾åºçåé¢å ä¸æä»¶ååç¼ã

	--help		è¾åºä¸ä¸ªç®ççå¸®å©ä¿¡æ¯ã
	-I		å¤çä¸ä¸ªäºè¿å¶æä»¶ï¼ä½æ¯è®¤ä¸ºå®ä¸åå«å¹éçåå®¹ãè¿å --binary-files=without-match éé¡¹çä»·ã

-i, --ignore-case

å¿½ç¥æ¨¡å¼ PATTERN åè¾å¥æä»¶ä¸çå¤§å°åçåå«ã

-L, --files-without-match

-l, --files-with-matches

-m NUM, --max-count=NUM

--mmap

-n, --line-number

å¨è¾åºçæ¯è¡åé¢å ä¸å®æå¨çæä»¶ä¸å®çè¡å·ã

-o, --only-matching

åªæ¾ç¤ºå¹éçè¡ä¸ä¸ PATTERN ç¸å¹éçé¨åã

--label=LABEL

å°å®éä¸æ¥èªæ åè¾å¥çè¾å¥è§ä¸ºæ¥èªè¾å¥æä»¶ LABEL ãè¿å¯¹äº zgrep è¿æ ·çå·¥å·éå¸¸æç¨ï¼ä¾å¦ï¼ gzip -cd foo.gz |grep --label=foo something

--line-buffering

ä½¿ç¨è¡ç¼å²ï¼it can be a performance penality.

-q, --quiet, --silent

-R, -r, --recursive

éå½å°è¯»æ¯ä¸ç®å½ä¸çæææä»¶ãè¿æ ·åå -d recurse éé¡¹çä»·ã

--include=PATTERN

ä»ä»å¨æç´¢å¹é PATTERN çæä»¶æ¶å¨ç®å½ä¸éå½æç´¢ã

--exclude=PATTERN

å¨ç®å½ä¸éå½æç´¢ï¼ä½æ¯è·³è¿å¹é PATTERN çæä»¶ã

-s, --no-messages

ç¦æ¢è¾åºå³äºæä»¶ä¸åå¨æä¸å¯è¯»çéè¯¯ä¿¡æ¯ã å¯¹äºå¯ç§»æ¤æ§éè¦æ³¨æï¼ä¸ GNU grep ä¸åï¼ä¼ ç»ç grep ä¸éµå® POSIX.2 è§èï¼å ä¸ºä¼ ç»ç grep ç¼ºå°ä¸ä¸ª -q éé¡¹ï¼èå®ç -s éé¡¹ä¸ GNU grep ç -q éé¡¹è¡ä¸ºç¸ä¼¼ãéè¦å¯ç§»æ¤å°ä¼ ç» grep ç shell èæ¬åºå½é¿åä½¿ç¨ -q å -s éé¡¹ï¼èåºå½å°è¾åºéå®åå° /dev/null ã

-U, --binary

-u, --unix-byte-offsets

æ¥å Unix é£æ ¼çåèåç§»éãè¿ä¸ªå¼å³ä½¿å¾ grep æ¥åå- èåç§»éæ¶ï¼å°æä»¶ä½ä¸º Unix é£æ ¼çææ¬æä»¶çå¾ï¼ä¹å°±æ¯è¯´å° CR å- ç¬¦å»æãè¿å°äº§çä¸å¨ä¸å° Unix ä¸»æºä¸è¿è¡ grep å®å¨ç¸åçç»æãé¤éåæ¶ä½¿ç¨ -b éé¡¹ï¼å¦åè¿ä¸ªéé¡¹æ æãè¿ä¸ªéé¡¹å¨ MS-DOS å MS-Windows ä¹å¤çç³»ç»ä¸æ æã

-V, --version

åæ åéè¯¯è¾åºæå° grep ççæ¬å·ãçæ¬å·åºå½åå«å¨ææç bug æ¥åä¸ (åè§ä¸é¢)ã

-v, --invert-match

æ¹åå¹éçæä¹ï¼åªéæ©ä¸å¹éçè¡ã

-w, --word-regexp

-x, --line-regexp

åªéæ©è½å¹éå®æ´ä¸è¡çå¹éã

-y

-i çåä¹è¯ï¼åºå¼ä¸ç¨ã

-Z, --null

æ£åè¡¨è¾¾å¼ REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

åºæ¬çæé åæ¯å¹éåä¸ªåç¬¦çæ£åè¡¨è¾¾å¼ãå¤§é¨ååç¬¦ï¼åæ¬ææåæ¯åæ°å- ï¼æ¯å¹éå®ä»¬èªèº«çæ£åè¡¨è¾¾å¼ãä»»ä½å·æç¹æ®å«ä¹çåå- ç¬¦å¯ä»¥éè¿åç½®ä¸ä¸ªåææ æ¥å¼ç¨ã(may be quoted by preceding it with a backslash.)

å¨æ¹æ¬å·è¡¨è¾¾å¼ä¹ä¸ï¼ä¸ä¸ª èå´è¡¨è¾¾å¼ (range) ç±ä¸¤ä¸ªåç¬¦ç»æï¼ä¸- é´ç¨ä¸ä¸ªè¿åç¬¦ (hyphen) åéãå®å¹éå¨è¿ä¸¤ä¸ªåç¬¦ä¹é´çä»»ä½ä¸ä¸ªå- ç¬¦ï¼ä½¿ç¨æ¬å°åçåºåé¡ºåºååç¬¦éã(that sorts between the two characters,inclusive, using the locale’s collating sequence and character set.) ä¾å¦ï¼å¨é»è®¤ç C localeä¸ï¼ [a-d] ä¸ [abcd] ç- ä»·ãå¸åçï¼è®¸å¤ locale å°åç¬¦ä»¥åå¸é¡ºåºæåºï¼å¨è¿äº locale ä¸ï¼ [a-d] ä¸ä¸ [abcd] çä»·ï¼ä¾å¦å®å¯è½ä¸ [aBbCcDd] ç- ä»·ãè¦è·å¾ä¼ ç»çå¯¹æ¹æ¬å·è¡¨è¾¾å¼çè§£éï¼å¯ä»¥è®¾å®ç¯å¢åé LC_ALL å¼ä¸º C æ¥ä½¿ç¨ locale C ã

æåï¼å¨æ¹æ¬å·è¡¨è¾¾å¼ä¸æä¸äºé¢å®ä¹çåç¬¦ç±»ï¼å¦ä¸æç¤ºãå®ä»¬çåå- æ¯èªè¯´æçï¼å®ä»¬æ¯ [:alnum:](åæ¯åæ°å), [:alpha:](åæ¯), [:cntrl:](), [:digit:](æ°å), [:graph:](), [:lower:](å°ååæ¯), [:print:](å¯æå°åç¬¦), [:punct:](), [:space:](ç©ºæ ¼), [:upper:](å¤§ååæ¯), å [:xdigit:] ãä¾å¦ï¼ [[:alnum:]] æææ¯ [0-9A-Za-z] ï¼ä½æ¯åä¸ç§è¡¨ç¤ºæ¹æ³ä¾èµäº locale C å ASCII åç¬¦ç¼ç ï¼èåä¸ç§æ¯ä¸ locale ååç¬¦éæ å³çã(æ³¨æè¿äºåç¬¦ç±»åä¸- çæ¹æ¬å·ä¹æ¯ç¬¦å·åç§°çä¸é¨åï¼å¿é¡»åå«å¨ç¨æ¥ä¸ºåºåå®ççæ¹æ¬å·ä¹ä¸ã)

å¥ç¹ç¬¦ (period) . å¹éä»»ä½ä¸ä¸ªåç¬¦ãç¬¦å· \w æ¯ [[:alnum:]] çåä¹è¯ï¼ \W æ¯ [ˆ[:alnum]] çåä¹è¯ã

ä¸ä¸ªæ£åè¡¨è¾¾å¼åé¢å¯ä»¥è·éå¤ç§éå¤æä½ç¬¦ä¹ä¸ã

	?		ååçé¡¹æ¯å¯éçï¼æå¤å¹éä¸æ¬¡ã
	*		ååçé¡¹å¯ä»¥å¹éé¶æ¬¡æå¤æ¬¡ã
	+		ååçé¡¹å¯ä»¥å¹éä¸æ¬¡æå¤æ¬¡ã
	{n}		ååçé¡¹å°å¹éæ°å¥½ n æ¬¡ã
	{n,}		ååçé¡¹å¯ä»¥å¹é n ææ´å¤æ¬¡ã
	{n,m}		ååçé¡¹å°å¹éè³å° n è¯ï¼ä½æ¯ä¸ä¼è¶è¿ m æ¬¡ã

å¨åºæ¬æ£åè¡¨è¾¾å¼ä¸ï¼ååç¬¦ ?, +, {, |, (, å ) ä¸§å¤±äºå®ä»¬çç¹æ®æä¹ï¼ä½ä¸ºæ¿ä»£ï¼ä½¿ç¨å åææ ç (backslash) çæ¬ \?, \+, \{, \|, $, å $ ã

ä¼ ç»ç egrep ä¸æ¯æååç¬¦ { ï¼å¹¶ä¸ä¸äº egrep çå®ç°éè¿æ¯æ \{ æ¥ä»£æ¿å®ï¼å æ¤å¯ç§»æ¤çèæ¬åºå½é¿å å¨ egrep ä¸ä½¿ç¨ { æ¨¡å¼ï¼åºå½ä½¿ç¨ [{] æ¥å¹éä¸ä¸ªåé¢æä¹ (literal) ç { ã

ç¯å¢åé ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

Grep çè¡ä¸ºåä¸åç¯å¢åéå½±åã

ä¸ä¸ª locale LC_foo æ¯éè¿æä¸é¢çé¡ºåºï¼ LC_ALL, LC_foo, LANG, æ£æ¥è¿ä¸ä¸ªç¯å¢åéçåå¼èç¡®å®çãè®¾ç½®äºçç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªåéæå®äº localeãä¾å¦ï¼å¦æ LC_ALL æ²¡æè®¾ç½®ï¼ä½æ¯ LC_MESSAGES è®¾ç½®ä¸º pt_BR ï¼é£ä¹å·´è¥¿çè¡èçè¯ (Brazilian Portuguese) å°ç¨ä½ LC_MESSAGES locale çå¼ãå¦ææ²¡æè®¾ç½®è¿å¶ä¸ä»»ä½ä¸ä¸ªç¯å¢åéï¼æèæ²¡æå®è£æè®¾ç½®ç locale ç®å½ï¼æèå¦æ grep æ²¡æå°å½å®¶åè¯è¨æ¯æ (national language support ( NLS )) ç¼è¯å¨åï¼å°é»è®¤ä½¿ç¨ locale Cã
GREP_OPTIONS

è¿ä¸ªåéæå®äºå°æ¾å¨æææ¾å¼æå®çéé¡¹ä¹åçé»è®¤éé¡¹ãä¾å¦ï¼å¦æ GREP_OPTIONS æ¯ ’--binary-files=without-match --directories=skip’ çè¯ï¼ grep å°åå·²ç»å¨ä»»ä½æ¾å¼æå®çéé¡¹ä¹åæå®äº --binary-files=without-match å --directories=skip éé¡¹é£æ ·æ¥è¿ä½ãéé¡¹ä»¥ç©ºç½ (whitespace) åéãä¸ä¸ªåææ (backslash) ä½¿å¾ä¸ä¸ä¸ªåç¬¦è½¬ä¹ (escape)ï¼å æ- ¤å¯ä»¥ç¨æ¥æå®ä¸ä¸ªå«æç©ºç½æèåææ çéé¡¹ã

GREP_COLOR

æå®ç¨æ¥é«äº®æ¾ç¤ºçæ è®°ã

LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LANG

è¿äºåéæå®äº locale LC_COLLATE ï¼å³å®äºè§£éç±»ä¼¼ [a-z] çèå´è¡¨è¾¾å¼æ¶çåºåé¡ºåº (collating sequence) ã

LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LANG

LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES, LANG

è¿äºéé¡¹æå®äº locale LC_MESSAGES ï¼å³å®äº grep çæ¶æ¯ä½¿ç¨çè¯- è¨ãé»è®¤ç locale C ä½¿ç¨ç¾å½è±è¯çæ¶æ¯ã

POSIXLY_CORRECT

_N_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_

è¯æ DIAGNOSTICS

BUGS

bug æ¥åççµåé®ä»¶å°åæ¯ bug-gnu-utils@gnu.orgã ä¸å®è¦å¨“Subject:”ä¸å¸¦æ “grep” è¿ä¸ªè¯ã

ååå¼ç¨ (backreferences) éå¸¸æ¢ï¼å¯è½éè¦ææ°çº§çæ¶é´ã

[ä¸æçç»´æ¤äºº]

è¢ä¹é§ <bbbush@163.com>

[ä¸æçææ°æ´æ°]

2003.11.03

ãä¸å½linuxè®ºåmanæåé¡µç¿»è¯è®¡åã:

http://cmpp.linuxforum.net

è·

æ¬é¡µé¢ä¸æçç±ä¸æ man æåé¡µè®¡åæä¾ã
ä¸æ man æåé¡µè®¡åï¼https://github.com/man-pages-zh/manpages-zh

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