POSTMASTER

NAME
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION æè¿°
OPTIONS é项
ENVIRONMENT ç¯å¢
DIAGNOSTICS è¯æ
NOTES 注æ
EXAMPLES ä¾å
SEE ALSO åè§
è¯è
è·

---

NAME

postmaster - PostgreSQLå¤ç¨æ·æ°æ®åºæå¡å¨

SYNOPSIS

postmaster [ -A 0 | 1 ] [ -B nbuffers ] [ -c name=value ] [ -d debug-level ] [ -D datadir ] [ -F ] [ -h hostname ] [ -i ] [ -k directory ] [ -l ] [ -N max-connections ] [ -o extra-options ] [ -p port ] [ -S ] [ --name=value ] [ -n | -s ]

DESCRIPTION æè¿°

postmaster æ¯ PostgreSQL å¤ç¨æ·æ°æ®åºæå¡å¨ã ä¸ä¸ªå®¢æ·ç«¯ä¸ºäºè®¿é®ä¸ä¸ªæ°æ®åºï¼å®ï¼éè¿ç½ç»ææ¬å°ï¼èæ¥å°ä¸ä¸ªè¿è¡çç postmasterã ç¶å该 postmaster å¯å¨ä¸ä¸ªç¬ç«çæå¡å¨è¿ç¨ï¼"postgres"ï¼ ä»¥æä½èæ¥ã postmaster è¿æ§å¶æå¡å¨è¿ç¨ä¹é´çé讯ã

缺çæ¶postmasterå¨åå°å¯å¨å¹¶ä¸åæ åé误系ç»è¾åºæå°æ¥å¿ä¿¡æ¯ã å¨å®éåºç¨éï¼postmasteråºè¯¥ä½ä¸ºåå°è¿ç¨å¯å¨ï¼ä¹è®¸è¯¥å¨å¯å¨æ¶ã

ä¸ä¸ªpostmasteræ»æ¯ç®¡çæ¥èªåä¸ä¸ªæ°æ®åºé群çæ°æ®ã ä¸ä¸ªæ°æ®åºé群æ¯ä¸å¥å¨åä¸ä¸ªæ件系ç»ä½ç½®åæ¾æ°æ®çæ°æ®åºã å½ postmaster å¯å¨æ¶ï¼å®éè¦ç¥éæ°æ®åºé群æ件ï¼"æ°æ®åº"ï¼çä½ç½®ã è¿ä¸ªåæ°æ¯éè¿ä¼ é -D å½ä»¤è¡é项æè PGDATA ç¯å¢åéå®ç°çï¼æ²¡æ缺çå¼ã ä¸ä¸ªç³»ç»ä¸åæ¶å¯ä»¥è¿è¡å ä¸ª postmaster è¿ç¨ï¼ åªè¦ä»ä»¬ä½¿ç¨ä¸åçæ°æ®åºåä¸åç端å£å·ï¼è§ä¸æï¼ã ä¸ä¸ªæ°æ®åºæ¯ç¨ initdb(1) å建çã

OPTIONS é项

postmaster æ¥åä¸åå½ä»¤è¡åæ°ã å³äºè¿äºé项çæ´è¯¦ç»ç讨论请åè Section 16.4 ‘‘Run-time Configuration’’ãä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿è®¾ç½®ä¸ä¸ªéç½®æ件æ¥åå°æ²å»è¿äºé项ã

-A 0|1

æå¼è¿è¡æ¶æè¨æ£æ¥ï¼æ¯æ£æµç¼ç¨é误çè°è¯å¸®å©ã åªæå¨ç¼è¯æ¶æå¼äºå®ï¼ä½ æè½ä½¿ç¨å®ãå¦æç¼è¯æ¶æå¼äºï¼ç¼ºçæ¯æå¼ã

-B nbuffers

为æå¡å¨è¿ç¨åéå管ççå±äº«ååç¼å²åºæ°éãæ¤å¼ç¼ºç为 64 个ç¼å²åºï¼æ¯ä¸ªç¼å²åºæ¯ 8k åèã

-c name=value

设置ä¸ä¸ªå½åçè¿è¡æ¶åæ°ãåè Section 16.4 ‘‘Run-time Configuration’’ è·åå表åæè¿°ã 大å¤æ°å¶ä»å½ä»¤è¡é项å®éä¸é½æ¯è¿æ ·çåæ°èµå¼ççå½¢å¼ã -c å¯ä»¥åºç°å¤æ¬¡ç¨ä»¥è®¾ç½®å¤ä¸ªåæ°ã

-d debug-level

设置è°è¯çº§å«ãæ°å¼è¶é«ï¼åå°æå¡å¨æ¥å¿çè°è¯è¾åºè¶å¤ã æ°å¼èå´æ¯ 1 å° 5ã

-D datadir

声ææ°æ®ç®å½çæ件系ç»è·¯å¾ãåéä¸æç讨论ã

-F

å³é fsync è°ç¨ï¼æé«æ§è½ï¼ä½æ¯è¦åç³»ç»å´©æºæ¶æ°æ®æ¯åçé£é©ã è¿ä¸ªé项对åºäºå¨ postgresql.conf ä¸è®¾ç½® fsync=falseãå¨ä½¿ç¨ä¹åé读详ç»ææ¡£ï¼

--fsync=true æçè¿ä¸ªé项çåé¢ææã

-h hostname

声æ postmaster 侦å¬ççå¾æ¥èªå端åºç¨èæ¥ç TCP 主æºåæå°åã å®ç¼ºç侦å¬ææéç½®äºçå°åï¼åæ¬ localhostï¼ã

-i

è¿ä¸ªé项æå¼ TCP/IP ï¼ç½éåå¥æ¥åï¼é讯ã 没æè¿ä¸ªé项ï¼åªè½è¿è¡æ¬å° Unix åå¥æ¥åé讯ã è¿ä¸ªé项çæäºå¨ postgresql.conf ä¸è®¾ç½® tcpip_socket=trueã

--tcpip-socket=false æ¯è¿ä¸ªé项çç¸åçä½ç¨ã

-k directory

æå® postmaster 侦å¬çå¾æ¥èªå端åºç¨èæ¥ç Unix åå¥æ¥åçä½ç½®ã 缺çéå¸¸æ¯ /tmpï¼ä½æ¯å¯ä»¥å¨ç¼è¯çæ¶åä¿®æ¹ã

-l

è¿ä¸ªé项æå¼ç¨ SSL è¿è¡çå®å¨é讯ãåæ ·è¿éè¦ -i é项ãè¦ä½¿ç¨è¿ä¸ªé项ï¼ç¼è¯æ¶ä½ å¿é¡»æå¼äº SSL é项ã

-N max-connections

设置postmasterå许å¯å¨çæå¡å¨æå¡å¨çæ大æ°ç®ã缺çéç½®æ¶ï¼è¯¥å¼ä¸º 32ï¼ å¦æä½çç³»ç»è½æ¯ææ´å¤è¿ç¨ï¼è¯¥å¼æ大å¯ä»¥è®¾ç½®ä¸ºä½çç³»ç»æè½æ¯æçæéã æ¶ä¿®æ¹ï¼åé src/include/config.hï¼ã ï¼è¯·æ³¨æ -B é项è¦æ±è³å°æ¯ä¸¤å -Nãåé Section 16.5 ‘‘Managing Kernel Resources’’ è·åæå³å¤§å®¢æ·éçç³»ç»èµæºéæ±çä¿¡æ¯ãï¼

-o extra-options

å¨ extra-options é声æç postgres é项é½ä¼ éç»ææç±è¿ä¸ª postmaster å¯å¨çæå¡è¿ç¨ã åé postgres(1) è·åå¯è½é项ã å¦æé项å- 串åå«ä»»ä½ç©ºç½ï¼æ´ä¸ªå串å¿é¡»å¼èµ·æ¥ã

-p port

æå® postmaster 侦å¬ççå¾å®¢æ·ç«¯åºç¨è¿æ¥çäºèç½ TCP/IP 端å£æä¸ä¸ªæ¬å° Unix åå¥æ¥åæ件æ©å±ï¼æ述符ï¼ã 缺çç端å£å·æ¯ç¯å¢åé PGPORT çå¼ãå¦æ没æ设置 PGPORT 缺çæ¯ PostgreSQL ç¼è¯æ¶å»ºç«çå¼ï¼éå¸¸æ¯ 5432ï¼ã å¦æ你声æäºä¸ä¸ªé缺ç端å£ï¼é£ä¹ææå端åºç¨ï¼åæ¬ psqlï¼é½å¿é¡»ç¨å½ä»¤è¡é项æè PGPORT 声æåä¸ä¸ªç«¯å£ã

-S

ææ postmaster è¿ç¨å°ä»¥å®é模å¼å¯å¨ãä¹å°±æ¯è¯´ï¼ å®å°ä¸ç¨æ·çï¼æ§å¶ï¼tty è±ç¦»å¹¶ä¸å¯å¨å¶èªèº«çè¿ç¨ç»ã 并ä¸å®ææ åè¾åºåæ åé误éå®åå° /dev/nullã

使ç¨è¿ä¸ªå¼å³ä¼å°æ¥å¿è¾åºé½ä¸¢å¼ï¼å¯è½ä¸æ¯ä½ å¸æçï¼ å ä¸ºè¿æ ·ä»¤é误æ¥æ¾é常å°é¾ãåéä¸æè·åä¸ä¸ªå¨åå°å¯å¨ postmaster çæ´å¥½çæ¹æ³ã

--silent-mode=false çä½ç¨åè¿ä¸ªé项çæææ£å¥½ç¸åã

--name=value

设置ä¸ä¸ªå½åçè¿è¡æ¶åæ°ï¼å¶ç¼©åå½¢å¼æ¯ -cã

æ两个é¢å¤çå½ä»¤è¡é项å¯ä»¥ç¨äºè°è¯å¯¼è´æå¡å¨å¼å¸¸éåºã ç¨äºè¿ç§ç¶åµçä¸è¬çç¥æ¯éç¥ææå¶å®æå¡å¨å¿é¡»éåºï¼ ç¶åéæ°åå§åå±äº«åå- åä¿¡å·ç¯ãè¿æ¯å ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªåºéçæå¡å¨å¨éåºåå¯è½å·²ç»ç ´åäºä¸äºå±äº«çç¶æã è¿äºé项æ§å¶è¿ç§ç¯å¢ä¸ç postmaster çæ§è´¨ï¼èä¸æ²¡æåªä¸ªé项æ¯ä¸ºæ®éæä½åå¤çã

è¿äºç¹æ®é项æ¯ï¼

	-n		postmaster å°ä¸ä¼éæ°åå§åå±äº«æ°æ®ç»æã ä¸ä¸ªæç»éªçç³»ç»ç¨åºåè¿æ¶å°±å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨è°è¯å¨æ£æ¥å±äº«åå- åä¿¡å·ç¯ç¶æã
	-s		postmaster å°éè¿åéä¿¡å·SIGSTOP åæ- ¢ææå¶ä»æå¡å¨è¿ç¨ï¼ä½ä¸ä¼å¯¼è´å®ä»¬éåºã è¿æ ·å°±å许系ç»ç¨åºåæå·¥ä»æææå¡å¨è¿ç¨æ¶éå¾åçæ ¸å¿ï¼core dumpsï¼ã

ENVIRONMENT ç¯å¢

PGCLIENTENCODING

客æ·ç«¯ä½¿ç¨ç确缺çå- 符ç¼çãï¼å®¢æ·ç«¯å¯ä»¥ç¬ç«å°è¦çè¿ä¸ªãï¼è¿ä¸ªå¼ä¹å¯ä»¥å¨éç½®æ件é设置ã

PGDATA

缺çæ°æ®ç®å½ä½ç½®

PGDATESTYLE

è¿è¡æ¶åæ°datestyleç缺çå¼ãï¼ä¸å建议使ç¨ç¯å¢åéï¼

PGPORT

缺ç端å£ï¼æ好å¨éç½®æ件ä¸è®¾ç½®ï¼

TZ

æå¡å¨æ¶åº

å¶å®

å¶å®ç¯å¢åéå¯ä»¥ç¨äºæå®å¯éå°æ°æ®åå¨ä½ç½®ãåé Section 18.5 ‘‘Managing Databases’’ è·åæ´å¤ä¿¡æ¯ã

DIAGNOSTICS è¯æ

ä¸ä¸ªæå°äº semget æè shmget çé误信æ¯å¯è½æå³çä½ éè¦é置你çåæ ¸ï¼ æä¾è¶³å¤çå±äº«åååä¿¡å·ç¯ãæ´å¤è®¨è®ºï¼åé Section 16.5 ‘‘Managing Kernel Resouces’’ ã

Tip: æ示: ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿éä½ shared_buffers çåæ°ä»¥åå° PostgreSQLçå±äº«ååçæ¶èï¼ æèéä½max_connectionsçåæ°åå°PostgreSQLçä¿¡å·ç¯çæ¶èï¼ ä»¥æ- ¤å¯ä»¥æ¨è¿éæ°éç½®åæ ¸ã

å¦ææ¯ä¸ä¸ªè¯´å¦å¤ä¸ä¸ª postmaster æ- £å¨è¿è¡çé误信æ¯ï¼é£ä½ åºè¯¥ç¡®ä¿æ²¡æå¶ä»ç postmaster è¿ç¨æ- £å¨è¿è¡ãå¤æè¿ä¸ªæåµçæç®åçåæ³æ¯ä½¿ç¨å½ä»¤

$ ps ax | grep postmaster

æ

$ ps -ef | grep postmaster

å·ä½ä½¿ç¨åªç§åå³äºä½ çç³»ç»ãå¦æ确信没æå²çªç postmaster å¨è¿è¡ï¼é£ä¹ä½ å¯ä»¥å é¤æ¶æ¯éæå°çéæ件ç¶åå次è¿è¡ã

ä¸ä¸ªè¯´æ æ³ç»å®ç«¯å£çé误信æ¯å¯è½è¡¨æ该端å£å·²ç»èå¶å®é PostgreSQL è¿ç¨ä½¿ç¨ã å¦æä½ ç»æ- ¢postmasteråå马ä¸ç¨åä¸ä¸ªç«¯å£è¿è¡å®ï¼ä½ ä¹æå¯è½å¾å°è¿ä¸ªé误信æ¯ï¼ è¿æ¶ï¼ä½ å¿é¡»å¤çå ç§ï¼çæä½ç³»ç»å³éäºè¯¥ç«¯å£ååè¯ã æåï¼å¦æä½ä½¿ç¨äºä¸ä¸ªæä½ç³»ç»è®¤ä¸ºæ¯ä¿çç端å£ï¼ä¹å¯è½å¯¼è´è¿ä¸ªé误信æ¯ã ä¾å¦ï¼æç Unix çæ¬è®¤ä¸ºä½äº 1024 ç端å£å·æ¯"å¯ä¿¡ä»»ç"ï¼å èåªæ Unix è¶çº§ç¨æ·å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨å®ä»¬ã

NOTES 注æ

å¦ææå¯è½ï¼ä¸è¦ä½¿ç¨ SIGKILLææ» postmasterã è¿æ ·ä¼é»æ¢ postmasterå¨éåºåéæ¾å®ææçç³»ç»èµæºï¼ä¾å¦å±äº«åååä¿¡å·ç¯ï¼ã

è¦æ£å¸¸ç»æ postmasterï¼å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ä¿¡å· SIGTERMï¼SIGINTï¼ æ SIGQUITã 第ä¸ä¸ªä¿¡å·å°çå¾ææç客æ·ç«¯éåºåæéåºã 第äºä¸ªå°å¼ºå¶æ- å¼ææ客æ·ç«¯ï¼è第ä¸ä¸ªå°ä¸åæ¢ç«å»éåºï¼ 导è´å¨éèµ·æ¶çæ¢å¤è¿è¡ã

å·¥å·å½ä»¤ pg_ctl(1) å¯ä»¥ç¨äºå®å¨èææå°å¯å postmasterã

é项 -- å¨FreeBSDæè OpenBSDä¸æ æ³è¿è¡ã åºè¯¥ç¨ -cãè¿å¨åå½±åçç³»ç»éæ¯ä¸ªèè«ï¼ å¦æè¿ä¸ªæ¯ç没æ修补好ï¼å°æ¥ç PostgreSQL çæ¬å°æä¾ä¸ä¸ªç»å¼çåæ³ã

EXAMPLES ä¾å

ç¨ç¼ºçå¼å¨åå°å¯å¨postmasterï¼é®å¥ï¼

$ nohup postmaster >logfile 2>&1 </dev/null &

以æå®ç端å£å¯å¨ postmasterï¼

$ postmaster -p 1234

è¿æ¡å½ä»¤å°å¨ç«¯å£ 1234 å¯å¨ postmasterã 为äºç¨psqlä¸è¿ä¸ª postmaster èæ¥ï¼ ä½ åºè¯¥è¿ä¹è¿è¡ psql run it as

$ psql -p 1234

æè设置ç¯å¢åé PGPORTï¼

$ export PGPORT=1234
$ psql

å½åçè¿è¡æ¶åæ°å¯ä»¥ç¨ä¸åçé£æ ¼ä¹ä¸è®¾ç½®ï¼

$ postmaster -c sort_mem=1234
$ postmaster --sort-mem=1234

两ç§å½¢å¼é½è¦çé£äºç°æçå¨ postgresql.conf éé¢ç sort_mem ç设置ã 请注æå¨åæ°åéçä¸å线å¨å½ä»¤è¡ä¸å¯ä»¥åæä¸å线ï¼ä¹å¯ä»¥åæå线ã

Tip: æ示: é¤äºç¨äºçæçå®éªä»¥å¤ï¼æ´å¥½çä¹ æ¯æ¯ç¼è¾æ¾å¨ postgresql.conf éé¢çè®¾ç½®ï¼ èä¸æ¯åèµå½ä»¤è¡å¼å³è®¾ç½®åæ°ã

SEE ALSO åè§

initdb(1), pg_ctl(1)

è¯è

Postgresql ä¸æç½ç« ä½ä¼å¹³ <laser@pgsqldb.org>

è·

æ¬é¡µé¢ä¸æçç±ä¸æ man æå页计åæä¾ã
ä¸æ man æå页计åï¼https://github.com/man-pages-zh/manpages-zh

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