PSQL

中文man手册

PSQL

NAME
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION æè¿°
OPTIONS éé¡¹
EXIT STATUS éåºç¶æ
USAGE ç¨æ³
CONNECTING TO A DATABASE ä¸ä¸ä¸ªæ°æ®åºèæ¥
ENTERING SQL COMMANDS è¾å¥ SQL å½ä»¤
META-COMMANDS åå½ä»¤
ADVANCED FEATURES é«çº§ç¹æ§
VARIABLES åé
SQL INTERPOLATION ä»£æ¢
PROMPTING æç¤ºç¬¦
COMMAND-LINE EDITING å½ä»¤è¡ç¼è¾
ENVIRONMENT ç¯å¢
FILES
NOTES æ³¨æ
EXAMPLES ä¾å
è¯è
è·

NAME

psql - PostgreSQL äº¤äºç»ç«¯

SYNOPSIS

psql [option...] [dbname [username]]

DESCRIPTION æè¿°

OPTIONS éé¡¹

-a

--echo-all

-A

--no-align

åæ¢ä¸ºéå¯¹é½è¾åºæ¨¡å¼ãï¼ç¼ºçè¾åºæ¨¡å¼æ¯å¯¹é½çãï¼

-ccommand
--commandcommand

å£°æ psql å°æ§è¡ä¸æ¡æ¥è¯¢åä¸²ï¼ commandï¼ç¶åéåºãè¿ä¸ç¹å¨ shell èæ¬éå¾æç¨ã command å¿é¡»æ¯ä¸æ¡å®å¨å¯ä»¥è¢«æå¡å¨åæçæ¥è¯¢å- ä¸²ï¼ä¹å°±æ¯è¯´ï¼å®ä¸åå« psqlç¹æçç¹æ§ï¼ï¼ æèæ¯ä¸ä¸ªåææ å½ä»¤ãè¿æ ·ä½ å°±ä¸ä¼æ··å SQL å psql åå½ä»¤ãè¦æ³æ··åä½¿ç¨ï¼ä½ å¯ä»¥æåä¸²å®åå°psql éï¼è±¡è¿æ ·ï¼ echo "\x\ select * from foo;" | psqlã

-ddbname
--dbnamedbname

-e

--echo-queries

æ¾ç¤ºæç±åéç»æå¡å¨çæ¥è¯¢ã çæäºæåé ECHO è®¾ç½®ä¸º queriesã

-E

--echo-hidden

-ffilename
--filefilename

å¦æfilename æ¯- ï¼è¿åç¬¦ï¼ï¼åä»æ åè¾å¥è¯»åã

-Fseparator
--field-separatorseparator

ä½¿ç¨ separator ä½ä¸ºååéç¬¦ãçæäº \pset fieldsep æ\fã

-hhostname
--hosthostname

	-H
	--html

æå¼HTMLæ ¼å¼è¾åºãçæäº\pset format html æ\H å½ä»¤ã

	-l
	--list

-ofilename
--outputfilename

-pport

--portport

-Passignment
--psetassignment

-q

--quiet

-Rseparator
--record-separatorseparator

ä½¿ç¨ separator åä¸ºè®°å½åéç¬¦ã çæäº\pset recordsep å½ä»¤ã

-s

--single-step

-S

--single-line

-t

--tuples-only

-Ttable_options
--table-attrtable_options

åè®¸ä½ å£°ææ¾å¨ HTML table æ è®°éçéé¡¹ã åé\pset è·åç»èã

-u

è®© psql å¨åæ°æ®åºèæ¥ä¹æç¤ºè¾å¥ç¨æ·çç¨æ·ååå£ä»¤ã

-Uusername
--usernameusername

-vassignment
--setassignment
--variableassignment

-V

--version

æ¾ç¤ºpsqlçæ¬ã

-W

--password

-x

--expanded

æå¼æ©å±è¡¨æ ¼å¼æ¨¡å¼ãçæäº\xã

-X,

--no-psqlrc

ä¸è¯»åå¯å¨æä»¶ ˜/.psqlrcã

	-?
	--help

æ¾ç¤ºå³äºpsqlå½ä»¤è¡åæ°çå¸®å©ã

EXIT STATUS éåºç¶æ

USAGE ç¨æ³

CONNECTING TO A DATABASE ä¸ä¸ä¸ªæ°æ®åºèæ¥

ENTERING SQL COMMANDS è¾å¥ SQL å½ä»¤

$psql testdb
Welcome to psql 7.4beta5, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.

Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help on internal slash commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
\q to quit

testdb=>

å½å½ä»¤æ£å¨è¿è¡æ¶ï¼psql åæ ·è¿è½®è¯¢ç± LISTEN [listen(7)] å NOTIFY [notify(7)] çæçå¼æ¥éç¥ä¿¡å·ã

META-COMMANDS åå½ä»¤

ä¸ååå½ä»¤æ¯å·²å®ä¹çï¼

\cd [directory]

\C [title ]

\connect (or\c) [dbname [username ] ]

å¦æçç¥ usernameï¼ååè®¾æ¯å½åç¨æ·åã

\copytable

\copyright

æ¾ç¤º PostgreSQL ççæåçæ¬ä¿¡æ¯ã

\d [pattern ]

\da [pattern ]

\dc [pattern ]

\dC

ååºææç±»åè½¬æ¢ã

\dd [pattern ]

å¯ä»¥ç¨COMMENT SQL å½ä»¤çæå¯¹å¯¹è±¡çæè¿°ã

\dD [pattern ]

ååºææå¯ç¨åãå¦æå£°æäº patternï¼é£ä¹åªæ¾ç¤ºå¹éçåã

\df [pattern ]

\distvS [pattern ]

å¦æå£°æäº patternï¼é£ä¹åªååºå¹éæ¨¡å¼çå¯¹è±¡ã

\dl

è¿æ¯\lo_list çå«åï¼æ¾ç¤ºä¸ä¸ªå¤§å¯¹è±¡çåè¡¨ã

\dn [pattern ]

\do [pattern ]

\dp [pattern ]

å½ä»¤grant(7) årevoke(7) ç¨äºè®¾ç½®è®¿é®æéãåégrant(7) è·åæ´å¤ä¿¡æ¯ã

\dT [pattern ]

\du [pattern ]

ååºææå·²éç½®ç¨æ·æèåªååºé£äºå¹é pattern çç¨æ·ã

\edit (or\e) [filename ]

Tip: æç¤º: psql æç´¢ç¯å¢åé PSQL_EDITORï¼EDITOR å VISUALï¼ä»¥æ- ¤é¡ºåºï¼æ¥æ¾è¦ç¨å°åªä¸ªç¼è¾å¨ãå¦æä¸é¢çé½æ²¡æè®¾ç½®ï¼ä½¿ç¨/bin/viã

\echotext [ ... ]

=>\echo ‘date‘
Tue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999

\encoding [encoding ]

\f [string ]

\g [ {filename | |command } ]

\help (or\h) [command ]

Note: æ³¨æ: ä¸ºç®åæ²å»ï¼åå«å¤ä¸ªååçå½ä»¤ä¸éè¦å¼ç¨ãå æ¤é®å¥\help alter table æ¯æ£ç¡®çã

\ifilename

\l (or\list)

\lo_exportloidfilename

Tip: æç¤º: ä½¿ç¨\lo_list æ¥çå¤§å¯¹è±¡ç OIDã OID.

\lo_importfilename [comment ]

foo=>\lo_import ’/home/peter/pictures/photo.xcf’ ’a picture of me’
lo_import 152801

\lo_list

\lo_unlinkloid

ä»æ°æ®åºéå é¤OIDä¸ºloid çå¤§å¯¹è±¡ã

Tip: æç¤º: ä½¿ç¨\lo_list æ¥æ¾å¤§å¯¹è±¡ç OIDã OID.

\o [ {filename | |command} ]

æåé¢çæ¥è¯¢ç»æä¿åå°æä»¶ filename éæèæåé¢çæ¥è¯¢ç»æå®åå°ä¸ä¸ªç¬ç«ç Unix shell æ§è¡ commandã å¦ææ²¡æå£°æåæ°ï¼æ¥è¯¢è¾åºéç½®ä¸ºæ åè¾åºã

Tip: æç¤º: è¦ç¨ææ¬åæ£æ¥è¯¢ç»æä¹é´çè¾åºï¼ç¨\qechoã

æå°å½åæ¥è¯¢ç¼å²åºå°æ åè¾åºã

\psetparameter [value ]

å¯è°èçæå°éé¡¹æï¼

format

border

expanded (or x)

ææåç§è¾åºæ¨¡å¼é½æ¯ææ©å±æ ¼å¼ã

null

fieldsep

footer

åæ¢é»è®¤è¶³æ çæ¾ç¤º (x rows)ã

recordsep

å£°æå¨éå¯¹é½æ¨¡å¼æ¶çè®°å½åéç¬¦ãç¼ºçæ¯æ¢è¡ç¬¦ã

tuples_only (æ t)

title [text ]

tableattr (or T) [text ]

åè®¸ä½ å£°ææ¾å¨ HTML table æ è®°éçä»»ä½å±æ§ãä¾å¦ï¼å¯ä»¥æ¯ cellpadding æ bgcolorãæ³¨æä½ å¯è½ä¸éè¦å¨è¿éå£°æ border ï¼å ä¸ºå·²ç»å¨\pset border éç¨è¿äºã

pager

Tip: æç¤º: æå¾å¤ç¨äº\pset çå¿«éå½ä»¤ãåé \a,\C,\H, \t,\T, å\xã

Note: æ³¨æ: æ åæ°è¿è¡\pset æ¯éè¯¯çã ä»¥åè¿æ ·è°ç¨å°æ¾ç¤ºå½åæå°éé¡¹ç¶æã

éåº psql ç¨åºã

\qechotext [ ... ]

éç½®ï¼æ¸ç©ºï¼æ¥è¯¢ç¼å²åºã

\s [filename ]

\set [name [value [ ... ]]]

ææçåéåå¯ä»¥åå«åç¬¦ï¼æ°ååä¸åçº¿ã åéä¸é¢ç "Variables åé" è·åç»èã

Note: æ³¨æ: è¿æ¡å½ä»¤æ¯å®å¨å SQL å½ä»¤ SET [set(7)] ä¸ä¸æ ·çã

\Ttable_options

åè®¸ä½ å¨ä½¿ç¨HTMLè¾åºæ¨¡å¼æ¶å£°ææ¾å¨ table æ è®°éçå±æ§ã è¿æ¡å½ä»¤çæäº\pset tableattr table_optionsã

\timing

åæ¢æ¯ä¸ª SQL è¯å¥ä½¿ç¨çæ¶é´ï¼åä½æ¯æ¯«ç§ã

\w {filename ||command}

å°å½åæ¥è¯¢ç¼å²åºè¾åºå°æä»¶ filename æèå®åå° Unix å½ä»¤ commandã

åæ¢æ©å±è¡æ ¼å¼ãçæäº\pset expandedã

\z [pattern ]

å½ä»¤grant(7) årevoke(7) ç¨äºè®¾ç½®è®¿é®æéã åégrant(7) è·åæ´å¤ä¿¡æ¯ã

è¿æ¯\dpï¼"æ¾ç¤ºæé"ï¼çå«åã

\! [command ]

è·å¾å³äºåææ å½ä»¤çå¸®å©ä¿¡æ¯ã

ADVANCED FEATURES é«çº§ç¹æ§

VARIABLES åé

testdb=>\set foo bar

testdb=>\echo :foo
bar

Note: æ³¨æ: \set çåæ°æä»åå¶ä»å½ä»¤ä¸æ ·çæ¿æ¢è§åã å æ- ¤ä½ å¯ä»¥æé æè¶£çå¼ç¨ï¼è±¡\set :foo ’something’ è¿æ ·ï¼ è·å¾åå«è±¡Perlæ PHPé£æ ·æåç"è½¯è¿æ¥ï¼soft linksï¼"æ"åé åé"ã ä¸å¹¸çæ¯ï¼æè ä¸å¹¸çï¼ï¼ï¼ç¨è¿äºæé ä¸è½åä»»ä½æç¨çäºæãå¦ä¸æ¹é¢ï¼\set bar :foo æ¯ä¸ä¸ªéå¸¸ææçæ·è´åéçæ¹æ³ã

DBNAME

ECHO

ECHO_HIDDEN

ENCODING

å½åçå®¢æ·ç«¯åç¬¦éç¼ç ã

HISTCONTROL

Note: æ³¨æ: è¿ä¸ªç¹æ§æ¯æ è»å°ä»bash éå½çªæ¥çã

HISTSIZE

åå¨å½ä»¤åå²éçå½ä»¤çä¸ªæ°ãç¼ºçå¼æ¯ 500ã

Note: æ³¨æ: è¿ä¸ªç¹æ§æ¯æ è»å°ä»bash éå½çªæ¥çã

HOST

IGNOREEOF

Note: æ³¨æ: è¿ä¸ªç¹æ§æ¯æ è»å°ä»bash éå½çªæ¥çã

LASTOID

æåå½±åçoidå¼ï¼å³ä¸ºä»ä¸æ¡ INSERT æ lo_insert å½ä»¤è¿åçå¼ã æ- ¤åéåªä¿è¯å¨ä¸ä¸æ¡ SQL å½ä»¤çç»ææ¾ç¤ºä¹åææã

ON_ERROR_STOP

PORT

PROMPT1
PROMPT2
PROMPT3

è¿äºææpsql æ¾ç¤ºçæç¤ºç¬¦çä¸å»è±¡ä»ä¹ã åéä¸é¢ç "Prompting æç¤ºç¬¦"ã

QUIET

SINGLELINE

SINGLESTEP

è¿ä¸ªåéçæäºå½ä»¤è¡éé¡¹-sã

USER

VERBOSITY

è¿ä¸ªéé¡¹å¯ä»¥è®¾ç½®ä¸ºå¼ defaultï¼verboseï¼æè terse ä»¥æ§å¶éè¯¯æ¥åçåä½è¡ã

SQL INTERPOLATION ä»£æ¢

testdb=>\set foo ’my_table’
testdb=>SELECT * FROM :foo;

testdb=>\set content ’\’’ ‘cat my_file.txt‘ ’\’’
testdb=>INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:content);

testdb=>\set content ’\’’ ‘sed -e "s/’/\\\\\\’/g" < my_file.txt‘ ’\’’

PROMPTING æç¤ºç¬¦

æ°æ®åºæå¡å¨æ£å¨ä¾¦å¬çç«¯å£å·ã

	%/		å½åæ°æ®åºåç§°ã
	%˜		ç±»ä¼¼ %/ï¼ ä½å¦ææ°æ®åºæ¯ä½ çç¼ºçæ°æ®åºè¾åºæ¯"˜" ï¼æ³¢æµªçº¿ï¼tildeï¼ï¼ã
	%#

%digits

%:name:

psqlåénameçå¼ãåé "Variables åé" èè·åç»èã

%‘command‘

è¦å¨æç¤ºç¬¦éæå¥ç¾åå·ï¼é®å¥%%ãç¼ºçæç¤ºç¬¦çæäº ’%/%R%# ’ ç¨äº prompts 1 å 2ï¼ä»¥å’>> ’ ç¨äº prompt 3ã

Note: æ³¨æ: è¿ä¸ªç¹æ§æ¯æ è»å°ä»tcsh éå½çªæ¥çã

COMMAND-LINE EDITING å½ä»¤è¡ç¼è¾

$if psql
set disable-completion on
$endif

ï¼è¿ä¸æ¯ psql çç¹æ§ï¼ æ¯Readline çãåèå®çææ¡£è·åæ´å¤ç»èãï¼

ENVIRONMENT ç¯å¢

HOME

åå§åæä»¶ï¼.psqlrcï¼åå½ä»¤åå²æä»¶ï¼.psql_historyï¼çç®å½ã

PAGER

PGDATABASE

ç¼ºçè¿æ¥çæ°æ®åº

	PGHOST
	PGPORT
	PGUSER

ç¼ºçè¿æ¥åæ°

PSQL_EDITOR

	EDITOR
	VISUAL		\e å½ä»¤ä½¿ç¨çç¼è¾å¨ãè¿äºåéæ¯æç§ä¸é¢çé¡ºåºæ£æ¥çï¼è®¾ç½®ææ©çæåä½¿ç¨ã
	SHELL		\! å½ä»¤æ§è¡çå½ä»¤ã
	TMPDIR

åå¨ä¸´æ¶æä»¶çç®å½ãç¼ºçæ¯/tmpã

FILES

•

•

å½ä»¤è¡åå²åå¨å¨$HOME/.psql_historyã

NOTES æ³¨æ

•

testdb=>\foo
Field separator is "oo".

å¯è½ä¸æ¯ä½ æ³è¦çä¸è¥¿ã

•

EXAMPLES ä¾å

testdb=>CREATE TABLE my_table (
testdb(> first integer not null default 0,
testdb(> second text
testdb->);
CREATE TABLE

ç°å¨åççè¡¨å®ä¹ï¼

ææç¤ºç¬¦åææ´æè¶£çä¸è¥¿ï¼

testdb=>\set PROMPT1 ’%n@%m %˜%R%# ’
peter@localhost testdb=>

åè®¾ä½ ç¨æ°æ®å¡«åäºè¡¨å¹¶ä¸æ³çä¸ç¼ï¼

peter@localhost testdb=>\pset border 2
Border style is 2.
peter@localhost testdb=>SELECT * FROM my_table;
+-------+--------+
| first | second |
+-------+--------+
| 1 | one |
| 2 | two |
| 3 | three |
| 4 | four |
+-------+--------+
(4 rows)

peter@localhost testdb=>\pset border 0
Border style is 0.
peter@localhost testdb=>SELECT * FROM my_table;
first second
----- ------
1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
(4 rows)

peter@localhost testdb=>\pset border 1
Border style is 1.
peter@localhost testdb=>\pset format unaligned
Output format is unaligned.
peter@localhost testdb=>\pset fieldsep ","
Field separator is ",".
peter@localhost testdb=>\pset tuples_only
Showing only tuples.
peter@localhost testdb=>SELECT second, first FROM my_table;
one,1
two,2
three,3
four,4

è¯è

Postgresql ä¸æç½ç« ä½ä¼å¹³ <laser@pgsqldb.org>

è·

æ¬é¡µé¢ä¸æçç±ä¸æ man æåé¡µè®¡åæä¾ã
ä¸æ man æåé¡µè®¡åï¼https://github.com/man-pages-zh/manpages-zh

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PSQL

目录

PSQL

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION æè¿°

OPTIONS éé¡¹

EXIT STATUS éåºç¶æ

USAGE ç¨æ³

CONNECTING TO A DATABASE ä¸ä¸ä¸ªæ°æ®åºèæ¥

ENTERING SQL COMMANDS è¾å¥ SQL å½ä»¤

META-COMMANDS åå½ä»¤

ADVANCED FEATURES é«çº§ç¹æ§

VARIABLES åé

SQL INTERPOLATION ä»£æ¢

PROMPTING æç¤ºç¬¦

COMMAND-LINE EDITING å½ä»¤è¡ç¼è¾

ENVIRONMENT ç¯å¢

FILES

NOTES æ³¨æ

EXAMPLES ä¾å

è¯è

è·