SYSTEMCTL

中文man手册

SYSTEMCTL

NAME
SYNOPSIS
æè¿°
éé¡¹
å½ä»¤
ååå½ä»¤
ååæä»¶å½ä»¤
æºå¨å½ä»¤
ä»»å¡(job)å½ä»¤
ç¯å¢åéå½ä»¤
systemd çå½å¨æå½ä»¤
ç³»ç»å½ä»¤
åæ°è¯æ³
éåºç¶æ
ç¯å¢åé
åè§
NOTES
è·

NAME

systemctl - æ§å¶ systemd ç³»ç»ä¸æå¡ç®¡çå¨

SYNOPSIS

systemctl [OPTIONS...] COMMAND [NAME...]

æè¿°

systemctl å¯ç¨äºæ£æ¥åæ§å¶ systemd(1) ç³»ç»ä¸æå¡ç®¡çå¨çç¶æã

éé¡¹

è½å¤è¯å«çå½ä»¤è¡éé¡¹å¦ä¸ï¼

-t, --type=

åæ°å¿é¡»æ¯ä¸ä¸ª éå·åéçååç±»ååè¡¨(ä¾å¦"service,socket")ã

--state=

-p, --property=

ä¸å¸¦åæ°ç systemctl show å½ä»¤ å°ä¼æ¾ç¤ºç®¡çå¨(systemd)èªèº«çå±æ§(åè§ systemd-system.conf(5) æå)ã

ä¸åç±»åçååæ¥æä¸åçå±æ§éï¼ æå®ä»»æä¸ä¸ªåå(å³ä½¿å¹¶ä¸å- å¨)ï¼é½å¯ä»¥æ¥çæ¤ç±»ååçææå±æ§ã ç±»ä¼¼çï¼å³ä½¿æå®äºä¸ä¸ªä¸å- å¨çä»»å¡(job)ï¼ä¹è½æ¥çä»»å¡çææå±æ§ã æ¯ç§ååè½å¤æ¥æçå±æ§éåæ£å¨ systemd.unit(5) æå ä»¥åæ¤ç±»ååä¸å±çæåä¸ï¼ä¾å¦ systemd.service(5), systemd.socket(5) ççã

-a, --all

å¦ææ³è¦ååºææå·²å®è£çååï¼è¯·ä½¿ç¨ list-unit-files å½ä»¤ã

-r, --recursive

--reverse

å¨ä½¿ç¨ list-dependencies å½ä»¤æ¶ï¼ ä»æ¾ç¤ºååä¹é´çååä¾èµå³ç³»ã ä¹å°±æ¯ä»æ¾ç¤º WantedBy=, RequiredBy=, PartOf=, BoundBy= ç³»å(èä¸æ¯ Wants= ç³»å)çä¾èµå³ç³»ã

--after

å¨ä½¿ç¨ list-dependencies å½ä»¤æ¶ï¼ ä»æ¾ç¤ºå¨ååé¡ºåºä¸æ©äºæå®ååçé£äºååï¼ ä¹å°±æ¯éå½çååº After= ä¸çååã

--before

å¨ä½¿ç¨ list-dependencies å½ä»¤æ¶ï¼ ä»æ¾ç¤ºå¨ååé¡ºåºä¸æäºæå®ååçé£äºååï¼ ä¹å°±æ¯éå½çååº Before= ä¸çååã

-l, --full

å¨ status, list-units, list-jobs, list-timers å½ä»¤çè¾åºä¸ï¼ æ¾ç¤ºå®æ´çåååç§°ãè¿ç¨æ é¡¹ç®ãæ¥å¿è¾åºãååæè¿°ï¼ ä¹å°±æ¯ä¸çç¥ææªæ- å®ä»¬ã

--value

--show-types

å¨ä½¿ç¨ list-sockets å½ä»¤ååºå¥æ¥å(socket)æ¶ï¼åæ¶æ¾ç¤ºå¥æ¥åçç±»åã

--job-mode=

å¨åä»»å¡éåä¸æ·»å æ°ä»»å¡(job)æ¶ï¼å¦ä½å¤çéåä¸å·²æçä»»å¡ã å¯è®¾ä¸º "fail", "replace", "replace-irreversibly", "isolate", "ignore-dependencies", "ignore-requirements", "flush" ä¹ä¸ã ä»å¨ä½¿ç¨ isolate å½ä»¤æ¶ï¼é»è®¤å¼ä¸º "isolate" ä¸ä¸è½æ´æ¹ï¼ å¯¹äºå¶ä»å½ä»¤ï¼é»è®¤å¼çä¸º "replace" ã

"replace" è¡¨ç¤ºå°éåä¸å²çªçä»»å¡æ¿æ¢ä¸ºæ°ä»»å¡ã

"ignore-requirements" ç±»ä¼¼äº "ignore-dependencies" ï¼ è¡¨ç¤ºä»å¿½ç¥å¿éçä¾èµ(ä½ä¾ç¶éµå®ååä¹é´çååé¡ºåº)ã

--fail

è¿æ¯ --job-mode=fail çå¿«æ·æ¹å¼ã

-i, --ignore-inhibitors

-q, --quiet

--no-block

--user

--system

--no-wall

å¨æ§è¡ halt, poweroff, reboot å¨ä½åï¼ä¸åéè¦åæ¶æ¯ã

--global

--no-reload

ä¸ enable, disable, edit å½ä»¤è¿ç¨ï¼ è¡¨ç¤ºå¨å®ææä½ä¹åä¸éæ°å è½½ systemd å®æ¤è¿ç¨çéç½®(é»è®¤ä¼èªå¨éæ°å è½½)ï¼ ç¸å½äºä¸èªå¨æ§è¡ daemon-reload å½ä»¤ã

--no-ask-password

--kill-who=

-s, --signal=

ä¸ kill å½ä»¤è¿ç¨ï¼ è¡¨ç¤ºåç®æ è¿ç¨åéåªä¸ªä¿¡å·ã å¿é¡»æ¯ SIGTERM, SIGINT, SIGSTOP ä¹ç±»ä¼æå¨ç¥çä¿¡å·ã é»è®¤å¼ä¸º SIGTERM
ã
.RE

-f, --force

--message=

--now

--root=

ä¸ enable/disable/is-enabled ç- ç¸å³å½ä»¤è¿ç¨ï¼ç¨äºè®¾ç½®å¯»æ¾ååæä»¶æ¶çæ ¹ç®å½ã

--runtime

--preset-mode=

ä¸ preset æ preset-all å½ä»¤è¿ç¨ï¼å¯è®¾ä¸ºä¸åå¼ä¹ä¸ï¼ "full"(é»è®¤å¼) è¡¨ç¤ºå®å¨æç§é¢è®¾è§åå¯ç¨ä¸åç¨åååã "enable-only" è¡¨ç¤ºä»æç§é¢è®¾è§åå¯ç¨åååã "disable-only" è¡¨ç¤ºä»æç§é¢è®¾è§ååç¨åååã

-n, --lines=

-o, --output=

ä¸ status å½ä»¤è¿ç¨ï¼ æ§å¶æ¥å¿çæ¾ç¤ºæ ¼å¼ã è¯¦è§ journalctl(1) æåãé»è®¤å¼ä¸º "short"
ã
.RE

--firmware-setup

--plain

ä¸ list-dependencies, list-units, list-machines å½ä»¤è¿ç¨ï¼ å°è¾åºä»é»è®¤çæ å½¢åä¸ºåè¡¨åã

-H, --host=

æä½æå®çè¿ç¨ä¸»æºãå¯ä»¥ä»æå®ä¸ä¸ªä¸»æºå(hostname)ï¼ ä¹å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ "username@hostname" æ ¼å¼ã hostname åé¢è¿å¯ä»¥å ä¸å®¹å¨å(ä»¥åå·åé)ï¼ ä¹å°±æ¯å½¢å¦ "hostname:container" çæ ¼å¼ï¼ ä»¥è¡¨ç¤ºç´æ¥è¿æ¥å°æå®ä¸»æºçæå®å®¹å¨åã æä½å°éè¿SSHåè®®è¿è¡ï¼ä»¥ç¡®ä¿å®å¨ã å¯ä»¥éè¿ machinectl -H HOST å½ä»¤ååºè¿ç¨ä¸»æºä¸çææå®¹å¨åç§°ã

-M, --machine=

å¨æ¬å°å®¹å¨åæ§è¡æä½ã å¿é¡»æç¡®æå®å®¹å¨çåç§°ã

--no-pager

ä¸å°ç¨åºçè¾åºåå®¹ç®¡é(pipe)ç»åé¡µç¨åºã

--no-legend

-h, --help

æ¾ç¤ºç®ççå¸®å©ä¿¡æ¯å¹¶éåºã

--version

æ¾ç¤ºç®çççæ¬ä¿¡æ¯å¹¶éåºã

å½ä»¤

ååå½ä»¤

list-units [PATTERN...]

è¿æ¯é»è®¤å½ä»¤ã

list-sockets [PATTERN...]

LISTEN UNIT ACTIVATES
/dev/initctl systemd-initctl.socket systemd-initctl.service
...
[::]:22 sshd.socket sshd.service
kobject-uevent 1 systemd-udevd-kernel.socket systemd-udevd.service

5 sockets listed.

åè§ --show-types, --all, --state= éé¡¹ã

list-timers [PATTERN...]

åè§ --all ä¸ --state= éé¡¹ã

start PATTERN...

å¯å¨(activate)æå®çå·²å è½½åå(æ æ³å¯å¨æªå è½½çåå)ã

stop PATTERN...

åæ¢(deactivate)æå®çåå

reload PATTERN...

è¦æ±æå®çååéæ°å è½½å®ä»¬çéç½®ã æ³¨æï¼è¿éæè¯´ç"éç½®"æ¯æå¡è¿ç¨ä¸å±çéç½®(ä¾å¦ httpd.conf ä¹ç±»)ï¼ èä¸æ¯ systemd ç"ååæä»¶"ã å¦æä½ æ³éæ°å è½½ systemd ç"ååæä»¶"ï¼ é£ä¹åºè¯¥ä½¿ç¨ daemon-reload å½ä»¤ã ä»¥ Apache ä¸ºä¾ï¼ è¯¥å½ä»¤ä¼å¯¼è´éæ°å è½½ httpd.conf æä»¶ï¼ èä¸æ¯ apache.service æä»¶ã

ä¸è¦å°æ¤å½ä»¤ä¸ daemon-reload å½ä»¤æ··æ·ã

restart PATTERN...

éæ°å¯å¨æå®çååã è¥æå®çååå°æªå¯å¨ï¼åå¯å¨å®ä»¬ã

try-restart PATTERN...

reload-or-restart PATTERN...

try-reload-or-restart PATTERN...

isolate NAME

æ³¨æï¼è¯¥å½ä»¤ä»å¯ç¨äº AllowIsolate=yes çååãåè§ systemd.unit(5) æåã

kill PATTERN...

åæå®ååç --kill-who= è¿ç¨åé --signal= ä¿¡å·ã

is-active PATTERN...

is-failed PATTERN...

status [PATTERN...|PID...]

æ¤å½ä»¤ç¨äºè¾åºäººç±»æè¯»çç»æï¼ä¸è¦å°å¶ç¨äºç¨åºåæ(åºè¯¥ä½¿ç¨ show å½ä»¤)ã é¤éä½¿ç¨äº --lines ä¸ --full éé¡¹ï¼ å¦åé»è®¤åªè¾åº10è¡æ¥å¿ï¼ å¹¶ä¸è¶é¿çé¨åä¼è¢«çç¥å·æªæãæ¤å¤ï¼ journalctl --unit=NAME æ journalctl --user-unit=NAME ä¹ä¼å¯¹è¶é¿çæ¶æ¯ä½¿ç¨ç±»ä¼¼ççç¥å·æªæã

show [PATTERN...|JOB...]

cat PATTERN...

set-property NAME ASSIGNMENT...

ä¾å¦ï¼ systemctl set-property foobar.service CPUShares=777

help PATTERN...|PID...

reset-failed [PATTERN...]

list-dependencies [NAME]

æ¾ç¤ºååçä¾èµå³ç³»ã ä¹å°±æ¯æ¾ç¤ºç± Requires=, Requisite=, ConsistsOf=, Wants=, BindsTo= æå½¢æçä¾èµå³ç³»ã å¦ææ²¡ææç¡®æå®ååçåç§°ï¼ é£ä¹è¡¨ç¤ºæ¾ç¤º default.target çä¾èµå³ç³»æ ã

è¿å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ --reverse, --after, --before éé¡¹æå®ä»æ¾ç¤ºç¹å®ç±»åçä¾èµå³ç³»ã

ååæä»¶å½ä»¤

list-unit-files [PATTERN...]

enable NAME..., enable PATH...

é¤éä½¿ç¨äº --quiet éé¡¹ï¼ å¦åæ- ¤å½ä»¤è¿ä¼æ¾ç¤ºå¯¹æä»¶ç³»ç»ææ§è¡çæä½(Created symlink ...)ã

disable NAME...

æ¤å½ä»¤çåæ°ä»è½æ¥åååçååï¼èä¸è½æ¥åååæä»¶çè·¯å¾ã

é¤éä½¿ç¨äº --quiet éé¡¹ï¼ å¦åæ- ¤å½ä»¤è¿ä¼æ¾ç¤ºå¯¹æä»¶ç³»ç»ææ§è¡çæä½(Removed symlink ...)ã

æå³ --system, --user, --runtime, --global éé¡¹çå½±åï¼åè§ä¸é¢å¯¹ enable å½ä»¤çè§£éã

reenable NAME...

éæ°å¯ç¨æå®çååæååå®ä¾ã è¿ç¸å½äºåä½¿ç¨ disable å½ä»¤ä¹ååä½¿ç¨ enable å½ä»¤ã éå¸¸ç¨äºæç§ååæä»¶ä¸ "[Install]" å°èçæç¤ºéç½®è½¯é¾æ¥åç§°ã æ- ¤å½ä»¤çåæ°ä»è½æ¥åååçååï¼èä¸è½æ¥åååæä»¶çè·¯å¾ã

preset NAME...

æç§é¢è®¾æä»¶(*.preset)çæç¤ºï¼éç½®æå®ååçå¯ç¨(enable)/åç¨(disable)ç¶æã å¶ææçä»·äºæç§é¢è®¾è§åï¼å¯¹ååºçååä¾æ¬¡ä½¿ç¨ disable æ enable å½ä»¤ã

æå³é¢è®¾æä»¶çæ´å¤è¯´æï¼è¯¦è§ systemd.preset(5) æåä¸ Preset [1] ææ¡£ã

preset-all

æç§é¢è®¾æä»¶(*.preset)çæç¤ºï¼ éç½®å¨é¨ååçå¯ç¨(enable)/åç¨(disable)ç¶æ(åè§ä¸æ)ã

is-enabled NAME...

Table 1. is-enabled å½ä»¤çè¾åº

mask NAME...

unmask NAME...

link PATH...

revert NAME...

ä»ææä¸çï¼è¯¥å½ä»¤ç¸å½äºæ¤é edit, set-property, mask å½ä»¤æåçæä½ï¼ å¹¶ä¸å°æå®ååçéç½®æ¢å¤æè½¯ä»¶åæä¾çåå§å¼ã

add-wants TARGET NAME..., add-requires TARGET NAME...

å°æå®çååæååå®ä¾(NAME) ä½ä¸º "Wants=" æ "Requires=" ä¾èµï¼ æ·»å å° TARGET ååä¸ã

å³äº --system, --user, --runtime, --global éé¡¹çå½±åï¼ åè§åæå¯¹ enable å½ä»¤çè§£éã

edit NAME...

å³äº --system, --user, --runtime, --global éé¡¹çå½±åï¼ åè§åæå¯¹ enable å½ä»¤çè§£éã

get-default

æ¾ç¤ºé»è®¤çå¯å¨ç®æ ã è¿å°æ¾ç¤º default.target è½¯é¾æ¥ææåçå®éååæä»¶çåç§°ã

set-default NAME

è®¾ç½®é»è®¤çå¯å¨ç®æ ã è¿ä¼å° default.target è½¯é¾æ¥æå NAME ååã

æºå¨å½ä»¤

list-machines [PATTERN...]

ä»»å¡(job)å½ä»¤

list-jobs [PATTERN...]

cancel JOB...

ç¯å¢åéå½ä»¤

show-environment

set-environment VARIABLE=VALUE...

è®¾ç½®æå®ç systemd ç¯å¢åéã

unset-environment VARIABLE...

æ¤æ¶æå®ç systemd ç¯å¢åéã å¦æä»æå®äºåéåï¼é£ä¹è¡¨ç¤ºæ æ¡ä»¶çæ¤æ¶è¯¥åé(æ è®ºå¶å¼æ¯ä»ä¹)ã å¦æä»¥ VARIABLE=VALUE æ ¼å¼åæ¶ç»åºäºåéå¼ï¼ é£ä¹è¡¨ç¤ºä»å½ VARIABLE çå¼æ°å¥½çäº VALUE æ¶ï¼ ææ¤æ¶ VARIABLE åéã

import-environment [VARIABLE...]

systemd çå½å¨æå½ä»¤

daemon-reload

ä¸è¦å°æ¤å½ä»¤ä¸ reload å½ä»¤æ··æ·ã

daemon-reexec

ç³»ç»å½ä»¤

is-system-running

Table 2. is-system-running å½ä»¤çè¾åº

default

è¿å¥é»è®¤æ¨¡å¼ãå·®ä¸å¤ç¸å½äºæ§è¡ isolate default.target å½ä»¤ã

rescue

emergency

halt

poweroff

reboot [arg]

kexec

exit [EXIT_CODE]

switch-root ROOT [INIT]

å°ç³»ç»çæ ¹ç®å½åæ¢å° ROOT å¹¶æ§è¡æ°ç INIT ç¨åº(PID=1)ã æ- ¤å½ä»¤ä»åºè¯¥å¨åå§ååç("initrd")ä¸ä½¿ç¨ã å¦ææªæå® INIT åæ°ï¼ é£ä¹è¡¨ç¤ºèªå¨å¨ ROOT ç®å½ä¸æç´¢ systemd äºè¿å¶ç¨åºï¼ å¹¶ç¨ä½ INIT ç¨åºï¼ åæ¶"initrd"ä¸ systemd çç¶æå°ä¼ä¼ éç»æ°ç systemd è¿ç¨ï¼ ä»èåè®¸å¨æ°ç³»ç»ä¸å¯¹å"initrd"ä¸çåç§æå¡ç¶æè¿è¡åçã

suspend

ä¼ç å°ååã ç¸å½äºå¯å¨ suspend.target ç®æ ã

hibernate

ä¼ç å°ç¡¬çã ç¸å½äºå¯å¨ hibernate.target ç®æ ã

hybrid-sleep

è¿å¥æ··åä¼ç æ¨¡å¼ã ä¹å°±æ¯åæ¶ä¼ç å°åååç¡¬çã ç¸å½äºå¯å¨ hybrid-sleep.target ç®æ ã

åæ°è¯æ³

# systemctl start sshd

çä»·äº

# systemctl start sshd.service

ï¼ è

# systemctl isolate default

çä»·äº

# systemctl isolate default.target

# systemctl status /dev/sda
# systemctl status /home

åå«çä»·äº

# systemctl status dev-sda.device
# systemctl status home.mount

æ¨¡å¼ä½¿ç¨ fnmatch(3) è¯æ³ï¼ ä¹å°±æ¯å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨shellé£æ ¼ç "*", "?", "[]" å¹éç¬¦(è¯¦è§ glob(7))ã æ¨¡å¼å°åºäºææå·²å è½½ååçä¸»åç§°(primary name)è¿è¡å¹éï¼ å¦ææä¸ªæ¨¡å¼æªè½å¹éå°ä»»ä½ååï¼é£ä¹å°ä¼è¢«ææ å£°æ¯çå¿½ç¥æã ä¾å¦

# systemctl stop sshd@*.service

# systemctl enable foo.service

# systemctl link /path/to/foo.service

éåºç¶æ

è¿åå¼ä¸º 0 è¡¨ç¤ºæåï¼ éé¶è¿åå¼è¡¨ç¤ºå¤±è´¥ä»£ç ã

ç¯å¢åé

$SYSTEMD_EDITOR

ç¼è¾ååæä»¶æ¶æä½¿ç¨çç¼è¾å¨ï¼ä¼è¦ç $EDITOR ä¸ $VISUAL çå¼ã å¦æ $SYSTEMD_EDITOR, $EDITOR, $VISUAL é½ä¸åå¨ææ æ³ä½¿ç¨ï¼ é£ä¹å°ä¼ä¾æ¬¡å°è¯ä½¿ç¨ editor(1), nano(1), vim(1), vi(1) ç¼è¾å¨ã

$SYSTEMD_PAGER

æå®åé¡µç¨åºãä»å¨æªæå® --no-pager éé¡¹æ¶ææä¹ã æ¤åéä¼è¦ç $PAGER çå¼ã å°æ¤åéè®¾ä¸ºç©ºåç¬¦ä¸²æ "cat" çä»·äºä½¿ç¨ --no-pager éé¡¹ã

$SYSTEMD_LESS

ç¨äºè¦ç é»è®¤ä¼ éç» less ç¨åºçå½ä»¤è¡éé¡¹ ("FRSXMK")ã

åè§

systemd(1), journalctl(1), loginctl(1), machinectl(1), systemd.unit(5), systemd.resource-control(5), systemd.special(7), wall(1), systemd.preset(5), systemd.generator(7), glob(7)

NOTES

Preset

http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset

è·

æ¬é¡µé¢ä¸æçç±ä¸æ man æåé¡µè®¡åæä¾ã

ç¿»è¯äººåï¼éæ¥å½
éæ¥å½ä½åéï¼http://www.jinbuguo.com
ä¸æ man æåé¡µè®¡åï¼https://github.com/man-pages-zh/manpages-zh

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SYSTEMCTL

目录

SYSTEMCTL

NAME

SYNOPSIS

æè¿°

éé¡¹

å½ä»¤

ååå½ä»¤

ååæä»¶å½ä»¤

æºå¨å½ä»¤

ä»»å¡(job)å½ä»¤

ç¯å¢åéå½ä»¤

systemd çå½å¨æå½ä»¤

ç³»ç»å½ä»¤

åæ°è¯æ³

éåºç¶æ

ç¯å¢åé

åè§

NOTES

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