SYSTEMD

中文man手册

SYSTEMD

NAME
SYNOPSIS
æè¿°
éé¡¹
æ¦å¿µ
ç®å½
ä¿¡å·
ç¯å¢åé
åæ ¸å¼å¯¼éé¡¹
SOCKETS ä¸ FIFOS
åè§
NOTES
è·

NAME

systemd, init - systemd ç³»ç»ä¸æå¡ç®¡çå¨

SYNOPSIS

	systemd [OPTIONS...]
	init [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}

æè¿°

ä¸ºäºä¸ä¼ ç»ç SysV å¼å®¹ï¼å¦æå° systemd ä»¥ init åç§°å¯å¨ï¼å¹¶ä¸"PIDâ 1"ï¼é£ä¹å®å°æ§è¡ telinit å½ä»¤å¹¶å°ææå½ä»¤è¡åæ°åå°ä¸å¨çä¼ éè¿å»ã è¿æ ·å¯¹äºæ®éçç»éä¼è¯æ¥è¯´ï¼æ è®ºæ¯è°ç¨ init è¿æ¯è°ç¨ telinit é½æ¯ç- ä»·çã è¯¦è§ telinit(8) æåã

å½ä½ä¸ºç³»ç»å®ä¾è¿è¡æ¶ï¼ systemd å°ä¼æç§ system.conf éç½®æä»¶ ä»¥å system.conf.d éç½®ç®å½ä¸çæä»¤å·¥ä½ï¼ å½ä½ä¸ºç¨æ·å®ä¾è¿è¡æ¶ï¼systemd å°ä¼æç§ user.conf éç½®æä»¶ ä»¥å user.conf.d éç½®ç®å½ä¸çæä»¤å·¥ä½ãè¯¦è§ systemd-system.conf(5) æåã

éé¡¹

è½å¤è¯å«çå½ä»¤è¡éé¡¹å¦ä¸ï¼

--test

æ£æµå¹¶è¾åºå¯å¨åºåï¼ç¶åéåºã ä»ç¨äºè°è¯ç®çã

--dump-configuration-items

--unit=

è®¾ç½®å¯å¨æ¶é»è®¤å¯å¨çåå(unit)ã é»è®¤å¼æ¯ default.target

--system, --user

--dump-core

--crash-vt=VT

--crash-shell

--crash-reboot

--confirm-spawn

--show-status=

--log-target=

è®¾ç½®æ¥å¿çç®æ ï¼å¶åæ°å¿é¡»æ¯ console, journal, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, null ä¹ä¸(å°å)ã

--log-level=

è®¾ç½®æ¥å¿çççº§ï¼ å¶åæ°å¿é¡»æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ°åæè ç¬¦å syslog(3) ä¹ æ¯ç emerg, alert, crit, err, warning, notice, info, debug ä¹ä¸(å°å)ã

--log-color=

--log-location=

--default-standard-output=, --default-standard-error=

ä¸ºææç service ä¸ socket è®¾ç½®é»è®¤çæ åè¾åºä¸æ åéè¯¯ï¼ ç¸å½äºè®¾ç½® StandardOutput= ä¸ StandardError= æä»¤çå¼(åè§ systemd.exec(5) æå)ãå¶åæ°å¿é¡»æ¯ inherit, null, tty, journal, journal+console, syslog, syslog+console, kmsg, kmsg+console ä¹ä¸(å°å)ã --default-standard-output= çé»è®¤å¼æ¯ journal ï¼è --default-standard-error= çé»è®¤å¼æ¯ inherit

--machine-id=

-h, --help

æ¾ç¤ºç®ççå¸®å©ä¿¡æ¯å¹¶éåºã

--version

æ¾ç¤ºç®çççæ¬ä¿¡æ¯å¹¶éåºã

æ¦å¿µ

åç§ä¸åçååç±»åå¦ä¸ï¼

1. service ååãç¨äºå°è£ä¸ä¸ªåå°æå¡è¿ç¨ã åè§ systemd.service(5) æåã

2. socket ååã ç¨äºå°è£ä¸ä¸ªç³»ç»å¥æ¥å(UNIX)æäºèç½å¥æ¥å- (INET/INET6)æFIFOç®¡éã ç¸åºçæå¡å¨ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ª"è¿æ¥"è¿å¥å¥æ¥å- æ¶æä¼è¢«å¯å¨ã æå³å¥æ¥åååçè¯¦æï¼åè§ systemd.socket(5) æåï¼æå³åºäºå¥æ¥åæå¶ä»æ¹å¼çå¯å¨ï¼åè§ daemon(7) æåã

3. target ååã ç¨äºå°å¤ä¸ªååå¨é»è¾ä¸ç»åå¨ä¸èµ·ãåè§ systemd.target(5) æåã

5. mount ååã ç¨äºå°è£ä¸ä¸ªæä»¶ç³»ç»æè½½ç¹(ä¹ååå¼å®¹ä¼ ç»ç /etc/fstab æä»¶)ãåè§ systemd.mount(5) æåã

6. automount ååã ç¨äºå°è£ä¸ä¸ªæä»¶ç³»ç»èªå¨æè½½ç¹ï¼ä¹å°±æ¯ä»å¨æè½½ç¹ç¡®å®è¢«è®¿é®çæåµä¸æè¿è¡æè½½ã å®åä»£äºä¼ ç»ç autofs æå¡ãåè§ systemd.automount(5) æåã

7. timer ååã ç¨äºå°è£ä¸ä¸ªåºäºæ¶é´è§¦åçå¨ä½ãå®åä»£äºä¼ ç»ç atd, crond çä»»å¡è®¡åæå¡ãåè§ systemd.timer(5) æåã

8. swap ååã ç¨äºå°è£ä¸ä¸ªäº¤æ¢ååºæèäº¤æ¢æä»¶ã å®ä¸ mount ååéå¸¸ç±»ä¼¼ãåè§ systemd.swap(5) æåã

9. path ååã ç¨äºæ ¹æ®æä»¶ç³»ç»ä¸ç¹å®å¯¹è±¡çååæ¥å¯å¨å¶ä»æå¡ãåè§ systemd.path(5) æåã

10. slice ååã ç¨äºæ§å¶ç¹å® CGroup å(ä¾å¦ä¸ç» service ä¸ scope åå)ææè¿ç¨çæ»ä½èµæºå ç¨ã åè§ systemd.slice(5) æåã

11. scope ååãå®ä¸ service ååç±»ä¼¼ï¼ä½æ¯ç± systemd æ ¹æ® D-bus æ¥å£æ¥æ¶å°çä¿¡æ¯èªå¨åå»ºï¼ å¯ç¨äºç®¡çå¤é¨åå»ºçè¿ç¨ãåè§ systemd.scope(5) æåã

ååçåç§°ç±ååæä»¶çåç§°å³å®ï¼ æäºç¹å®çåååç§°å·æç¹æ®çå«ä¹ï¼è¯¦æåè§ systemd.special(7) æåã

å¨ç³»ç»å¯å¨æ¶ï¼systemd é»è®¤å¯å¨ default.target ååï¼ è¯¥ååä¸- åºè¯¥åå«ææä½ æ³å¨å¼æºæ¶é»è®¤å¯å¨çååã ä½å®éä¸ï¼å®éå¸¸åªæ¯ä¸ä¸ªæå graphical.target (å¾å½¢çé¢) æ multi-user.target (å½ä»¤è¡çé¢ï¼å¸¸ç¨äºåµå¥å¼ææå¡å¨ç¯å¢ï¼ ä¸è¬æ¯ graphical.target çä¸ä¸ªå- é)çç¬¦å·è¿æ¥ã è¯¦è§ systemd.special(7) æåã

systemd ä¾èµäºåæ ¸æä¾ç cgroups [1] ç¹æ§æ§å¶è¿ç¨çæ´¾çï¼ ä»èç¡®ä¿å¯ä»¥è¿½è¸ªå°ææåè¿ç¨ã cgroups ä¿¡æ¯ç±åæ ¸è´è´£ç»´æ¤ï¼ å¹¶ä¸å¯ä»¥éè¿ /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/ æ¥å£è¿è¡è®¿é®ãæ¤å¤ï¼è¿å¯ä»¥éè¿ systemd-cgls(1) æ ps(1) ä¹ç±»çå·¥å·è¿è¡æ¥ç (ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args)

systemd å ä¹å®å¨å¼å®¹ä¼ ç»ç SysV init ç³»ç»ï¼ SysV init èæ¬å¯ä»¥ä½ä¸ºå¦ä¸ç§éç½®æä»¶æ ¼å¼è¢«è¯å«ï¼ æä¾ä¸ SysV å¼å®¹ç /dev/initctl æ¥å£ï¼ æä¾åç§ SysV å·¥å·çå¼å®¹å®ç°ï¼ ä¾ç¶å¼å®¹ä¾å¦ /etc/fstab æè utmp ä¹ç±»ä¼ ç»ç Unix ç¹æ§ã

systemd åç½®äºè®¸å¤ç³»ç»å¯å¨è¿ç¨ä¸å¿éçæä½ï¼ ä¾å¦ï¼è®¾ç½® hostname ä»¥åéç½® loopback ç½ç»è®¾å¤ï¼ ä»¥åæè½½ /sys å /proc æä»¶ç³»ç»ã

å¨ç³»ç»å¯å¨æèæ§è¡ systemctl reload ... æ¶ï¼ systemd å¯ä»¥æ ¹æ®å¶ä»éç½®æä»¶æèåæ ¸å¼å¯¼éé¡¹å¨æçæååï¼åè§ systemd.generator(7) æåã

å¦æè¦ä»å®¹å¨ä¸è°ç¨ systemd é£ä¹å¿é¡»éµå® Container Interface [2] è§èã å¦æè¦ä» initrd ä¸è°ç¨ systemd é£ä¹å¿é¡»éµå® initrd Interface [3] è§èã

ç®å½

ç³»ç»ååç®å½

systemd ä¼ä»å¤ä¸ªä¼åçº§ä¸åçç³»ç»ååç®å½ä¸è¯»åç³»ç»ååï¼ è½¯ä»¶ååºè¯¥å°ç³»ç»ååæä»¶å®è£å¨ pkg-config systemd --variable=systemdsystemunitdir å½ä»¤æè¿åçç³»ç»ååç®å½ä¸(éå¸¸æ¯ /usr/lib/systemd/system)ã æ¤å¤ï¼ systemd è¿ä¼è¯»åä¼åçº§è¾é«ç /usr/local/lib/systemd/system ç®å½ä»¥åä¼åçº§è¾ä½ç /usr/lib/systemd/system ç®å½ä¸çç³»ç»ååæä»¶ã ä¼åçº§æé«çç³»ç»ååç®å½æ¯ pkg-config systemd --variable=systemdsystemconfdir å½ä»¤æè¿åçç®å½(éå¸¸æ¯ /etc/systemd/system)ã æ³¨æï¼è½¯ä»¶ååºè¯¥ä»ä½¿ç¨ systemctl(1) ç enable ä¸ disable å½ä»¤ä¿®æ¹ä¸è¿°ç®å½ä¸çåå®¹ã å®æ´çç®å½åè¡¨åè§ systemd.unit(5) æåã

ç¨æ·ååç®å½

ç¨æ·ååç®å½æéµå®çè§åä¸ç³»ç»ååç®å½ç±»ä¼¼ï¼ è½¯ä»¶ååºè¯¥å°ç¨æ·ååæä»¶å®è£å¨ pkg-config systemd --variable=systemduserunitdir å½ä»¤æè¿åçç¨æ·ååç®å½ä¸- (éå¸¸æ¯/usr/lib/systemd/user)ã æ¤å¤ï¼å ä¸ºç¨æ·ååç®å½è¿éµå® XDG Base Directory specification [4] è§èï¼ æä»¥ systemd è¿ä¼è¯»å $XDG_DATA_HOME/systemd/user(ä»å¨å·²è®¾ç½® $XDG_DATA_HOME çæåµä¸) æ ˜/.local/share/systemd/user(ä»å¨æªè®¾ç½® $XDG_DATA_HOME çæåµä¸) ç®å½ä¸çç¨æ·ååã å¨å±ç¨æ·ååç®å½(éå¯¹ææç¨æ·)æ¯ pkg-config systemd --variable=systemduserconfdir å½ä»¤æè¿åçç®å½(éå¸¸æ¯/etc/systemd/user)ã æ³¨æï¼è½¯ä»¶ååºè¯¥ä»ä½¿ç¨ systemctl(1) ç enable ä¸ disable å½ä»¤ä¿®æ¹ä¸è¿°ç®å½ä¸çåå®¹ã æ è®ºè¿ç§ä¿®æ¹æ¯å¨å±ç(éå¯¹ææç¨æ·)ãè¿æ¯ç§æç(éå¯¹åä¸ªç¨æ·)ã å®æ´çç®å½åè¡¨åè§ systemd.unit(5) æåã

SysVå¯å¨èæ¬ç®å½(ä¸ååè¡çä¹é´å·®å«å¯è½å¾å¤§)

SysVè¿è¡çº§ç®å½(ä¸ååè¡çä¹é´å·®å«å¯è½å¾å¤§)

ä¿¡å·

SIGTERM

systemd ç¨æ·å®ä¾å°ä¼å¯å¨ exit.target ååã åºæ¬ä¸ç¸å½äºæ§è¡ systemctl --user start exit.target å½ä»¤ã

SIGINT

systemd ç¨æ·å®ä¾å¤çæ¤ä¿¡å·çæ¹å¼ä¸ SIGTERM ç¸åã

SIGWINCH

systemd ç³»ç»å®ä¾å°ä¼å¯å¨ kbrequest.target ååã åºæ¬ä¸ç¸å½äºæ§è¡ systemctl start kbrequest.target å½ä»¤ã

systemd ç¨æ·å®ä¾å°ä¼å®å¨å¿½ç¥æ¤ä¿¡å·ã

SIGPWR

systemd å°ä¼å¯å¨ sigpwr.target ååã åºæ¬ä¸ç¸å½äºæ§è¡ systemctl start sigpwr.target å½ä»¤ã

SIGUSR1

systemd å°ä¼å°è¯éæ°è¿æ¥å° D-Bus æ»çº¿ã

SIGUSR2

systemd å°ä¼ä»¥äººç±»æè¯»çæ ¼å¼å°å¶å®æ´çç¶æè®°å½å°æ¥å¿ä¸ã æ¥æçæ ¼å¼ä¸ systemd-analyze dump çè¾åºæ ¼å¼ç¸åã

SIGHUP

éæ°å è½½å®æ¤è¿ç¨çéç½®æä»¶ã åºæ¬ä¸ç¸å½äºæ§è¡ systemctl daemon-reload å½ä»¤ã

SIGRTMIN+0

è¿å¥é»è®¤æ¨¡å¼ï¼å¯å¨ default.target ååã åºæ¬ä¸ç¸å½äºæ§è¡ systemctl start default.target å½ä»¤ã

SIGRTMIN+1

è¿å¥ææ´æ¨¡å¼ï¼å¯å¨ rescue.target ååã åºæ¬ä¸ç¸å½äºæ§è¡ systemctl isolate rescue.target å½ä»¤ã

SIGRTMIN+2

è¿å¥ç´§æ¥ç»´ä¿®æ¨¡å¼ï¼å¯å¨ emergency.target ååã åºæ¬ä¸ç¸å½äºæ§è¡ systemctl isolate emergency.target å½ä»¤ã

SIGRTMIN+3

å³éç³»ç»ï¼å¯å¨ halt.target ååã åºæ¬ä¸ç¸å½äºæ§è¡ systemctl start halt.target å½ä»¤ã

SIGRTMIN+4

å³éç³»ç»å¹¶åæçµæºï¼å¯å¨ poweroff.target ååã åºæ¬ä¸ç¸å½äºæ§è¡ systemctl start poweroff.target å½ä»¤ã

SIGRTMIN+5

éæ°å¯å¨ï¼å¯å¨ reboot.target ååã åºæ¬ä¸ç¸å½äºæ§è¡ systemctl start reboot.target å½ä»¤ã

SIGRTMIN+6

éè¿åæ ¸ç kexec æ¥å£éæ°å¯å¨ï¼å¯å¨ kexec.target ååã åºæ¬ä¸ç¸å½äºæ§è¡ systemctl start kexec.target å½ä»¤ã

SIGRTMIN+13

ç«å³å³éæºå¨

SIGRTMIN+14

ç«å³å³éæºå¨å¹¶åæçµæº

SIGRTMIN+15

ç«å³éæ°å¯å¨

SIGRTMIN+16

ç«å³éè¿åæ ¸ç kexec æ¥å£éæ°å¯å¨

SIGRTMIN+20

å¨æ§å¶å°ä¸æ¾ç¤ºç¶ææ¶æ¯ã ç¸å½äºä½¿ç¨ systemd.show_status=1 åæ ¸å¼å¯¼éé¡¹ã

SIGRTMIN+21

SIGRTMIN+22, SIGRTMIN+23

å°æ¥å¿ççº§è®¾ä¸º "debug"(22) æ "info"(23)ã ç¸å½äºä½¿ç¨ systemd.log_level=debug æ systemd.log_level=info åæ ¸å¼å¯¼éé¡¹ã

SIGRTMIN+24

SIGRTMIN+26, SIGRTMIN+27, SIGRTMIN+28

å°æ¥å¿ççº§è®¾ä¸º "journal-or-kmsg"(26) æ "console"(27) æ "kmsg"(28)ã ç¸å½äºä½¿ç¨ systemd.log_target=journal-or-kmsg æ systemd.log_target=console æ systemd.log_target=kmsg åæ ¸å¼å¯¼éé¡¹ã

ç¯å¢åé

$SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL

systemd æ¥å¿ççº§ã å¯ä»¥è¢« --log-level= éé¡¹è¦çã

$SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET

systemd æ¥å¿ç®æ ã å¯ä»¥è¢« --log-target= éé¡¹è¦çã

$SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR

systemd æ¯å¦åºè¯¥é«äº®éè¦çæ¥å¿ä¿¡æ¯ã å¯ä»¥è¢« --log-color= éé¡¹è¦çã

$SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION

systemd æ¯å¦åºè¯¥å¨æ¥å¿ä¿¡æ¯ä¸åå«ä»£ç ä½ç½®(code location)ã å¯ä»¥è¢« --log-location= éé¡¹è¦çã

$XDG_CONFIG_HOME, $XDG_DATA_HOME

systemd ç¨æ·å®ä¾æ ¹æ® XDG Base Directory specification [4] è§èä½¿ç¨è¿äºåéå è½½ååæä»¶åå¶ .{d,wants,requires}/ ç®å½ã

$SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH

ååç®å½

$SYSTEMD_SYSVINIT_PATH

SysVå¯å¨èæ¬ç®å½

$SYSTEMD_SYSVRCND_PATH

SysVè¿è¡çº§ç®å½

$SYSTEMD_COLORS

$LISTEN_PID, $LISTEN_FDS, $LISTEN_FDNAMES

$NOTIFY_SOCKET

åæ ¸å¼å¯¼éé¡¹

systemd.unit=, rd.systemd.unit=

è®¾ç½®é»è®¤å¯å¨çååã é»è®¤å¼æ¯ default.target ã å¯ç¨äºä¸´æ¶ä¿®æ¹å¯å¨ç®æ (ä¾å¦ rescue.target æ emergency.target )ãè¯¦æåè§ systemd.special(7) æåã æ "rd." åç¼çåæ°ä¸ç¨äº initrd(initial RAM disk) ç¯å¢ï¼ èæ åç¼çåæ°åç¨äºå¸¸è§ç¯å¢ã

systemd.dump_core=

systemd.crash_chvt=

systemd.crash_shell=

systemd.crash_reboot=

systemd.confirm_spawn=

è®¾ä¸º yes è¡¨ç¤º systemd(PID=1) å¨æ´¾çæ°è¿ç¨æ¶è¿è¡ç¡®è®¤æç¤ºã é»è®¤å¼ no è¡¨ç¤ºä¸æç¤ºã

systemd.show_status=

systemd.log_target=, systemd.log_level=, systemd.log_color=, systemd.log_location=

ç¨äºæ§å¶æ¥å¿è¾åºï¼å«ä¹ä¸ä¹åç $SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET, $SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL, $SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR, $SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION ç¯å¢åéç¸åã

systemd.default_standard_output=, systemd.default_standard_error=

è®¾ç½®æå¡çé»è®¤æ åè¾åºä¸æ åéè¯¯ï¼ å«ä¹ä¸ç¸åºç --default-standard-output= å --default-standard-error= å½ä»¤è¡éé¡¹ç¸åã

systemd.setenv=

systemd.machine_id=

quiet

debug

emergency, rd.emergency, -b

å¯å¨å°ç´§æ¥ç»´ä¿®æ¨¡å¼ãçä»·äºè®¾ç½®äº systemd.unit=emergency.target æ rd.systemd.unit=emergency.target

rescue, rd.rescue, single, s, S, 1

å¯å¨å°ææ´æ¨¡å¼ãçä»·äºè®¾ç½®äº systemd.unit=rescue.target æ rd.systemd.unit=rescue.target

2, 3, 4, 5

å¯å¨å°å¯¹åºç SysV è¿è¡çº§ã çä»·äºè®¾ç½®äºå¯¹åºç systemd.unit=runlevel2.target, systemd.unit=runlevel3.target, systemd.unit=runlevel4.target, systemd.unit=runlevel5.target,

locale.LANG=, locale.LANGUAGE=, locale.LC_CTYPE=, locale.LC_NUMERIC=, locale.LC_TIME=, locale.LC_COLLATE=, locale.LC_MONETARY=, locale.LC_MESSAGES=, locale.LC_PAPER=, locale.LC_NAME=, locale.LC_ADDRESS=, locale.LC_TELEPHONE=, locale.LC_MEASUREMENT=, locale.LC_IDENTIFICATION=

è®¾ç½®ç¸åºçç³»ç» locale ï¼ ä¼è¦ç /etc/locale.conf ä¸çè®¾ç½®ã åè§ locale.conf(5) ä¸ locale(7) æåã

æ´å¤åæ ¸å¼å¯¼éé¡¹çè§£éï¼ åè§ kernel-command-line(7) æåã

SOCKETS ä¸ FIFOS

/run/systemd/notify

/run/systemd/private

ä»è¢« systemctl(1) å·¥å·åé¨ç¨äºä¸ systemd è¿ç¨éä¿¡ç UNIX socket æä»¶ã å¶ä»è¿ç¨ä¸åºè¯¥ä½¿ç¨å®ã

/dev/initctl

åè§

systemd Homepage [6] , systemd-system.conf(5), locale.conf(5), systemctl(1), journalctl(1), systemd-notify(1), daemon(7), sd-daemon(3), systemd.unit(5), systemd.special(5), pkg-config(1), kernel-command-line(7), bootup(7), systemd.directives(7)

NOTES

cgroups

https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt

Container Interface

http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ContainerInterface

initrd Interface

http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InitrdInterface

XDG Base Directory specification

http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html

	5.		å½ systemd å¨ Linux å®¹å¨ä¸è¿è¡çæ¶åï¼ è¿äºåæ°å¯ä»¥ç´æ¥å¨ systemd å½ä»¤è¡ä¸ä¼ é(æ¾ç½®å¨ææå½ä»¤è¡éé¡¹ä¹å)ï¼ å½ systemd ä¸å¨ Linux å®¹å¨ä¸è¿è¡çæ¶åï¼ è¿äºåæ°å°ä» /proc/cmdline ä¸è·åã
	6.		systemd Homepage

http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/

è·

æ¬é¡µé¢ä¸æçç±ä¸æ man æåé¡µè®¡åæä¾ã

ç¿»è¯äººåï¼éæ¥å½
éæ¥å½ä½åéï¼http://www.jinbuguo.com
ä¸æ man æåé¡µè®¡åï¼https://github.com/man-pages-zh/manpages-zh

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目录

SYSTEMD

NAME

SYNOPSIS

æè¿°

éé¡¹

æ¦å¿µ

ç®å½

ä¿¡å·

ç¯å¢åé

åæ ¸å¼å¯¼éé¡¹

SOCKETS ä¸ FIFOS

åè§

NOTES

è·