OS-RELEASE

NAME
SYNOPSIS
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NOTES
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NAME

os-release - æä½ç³»ç»æ è¯

SYNOPSIS

/etc/os-release

/usr/lib/os-release

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/etc/os-release ä¸ /usr/lib/os-release æ件åå«äºæä½ç³»ç»è¯å«æ°æ®ã

os-release æ件çåºæ¬æ ¼å¼æ¯ ä¸ç³»åæ¢è¡ç¬¦åéç VAR=VALUE è¡(æ¯è¡ä¸ä¸ªåé)ï¼ å¯ä»¥ç´æ¥åµå¥å° shell èæ¬ä¸ä½¿ç¨ã 注æï¼æ- ¤æ件并ä¸æ¯æåéæ¿æ¢ä¹ç±»çä»»ä½é«çº§ shell ç¹æ§ï¼ 以便äºåºç¨ç¨åºæ é¡»æ¯æè¿äºé«çº§ shell ç¹æ§ï¼ å³å¯ç´æ¥ä½¿ç¨æ¤æ件ã å¦æ VALUE å¼ä¸åå«ä»»ä½éåæ¯æ°åå符(ä¹å°±æ¯ A–Z, a–z, 0–9 ä¹å¤çå符)ï¼ é£ä¹å¿é¡»ä½¿ç¨å¼å·(ååçå¯)çå®ï¼ 并ä¸ä»»ä½å¨Shellä¸å·æç¹æ®å«ä¹çåç¬¦ï¼ åæ¬ï¼ç¾å符, ååå¼å·, åæ线, åå¼å· ... çç- ï¼é½å¿é¡»ä½¿ç¨shellé£æ ¼çåæ线è¿è¡è½¬ä¹ã ææå- 符串é½å¿é¡»ä½¿ç¨UTF-8ç¼ç ï¼ 并ä¸ç¦æ¢ä½¿ç¨ä¸åéæå°å符ã 以"#"å¼å¤´çè¡å°è¢«ä½ä¸ºæ³¨é忽ç¥ã

åºç¨ç¨åºåºè¯¥åªè¯»å /etc/os-release æä»¶ï¼ ä»å¨ /etc/os-release ä¸å- å¨çæåµä¸ï¼ æå¯ä»¥è¯»å /usr/lib/os-release æ件ã ç»å¯¹ç¦æ- ¢åºç¨ç¨åºåæ¶è¯»å两个æ件ã æä½ç³»ç»åè¡ååºè¯¥å°æä½ç³»ç»è¯å«æ°æ®åæ¾å¨ /usr/lib/os-release æ件ä¸ï¼ åæ¶å° /etc/os-release ä½ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªè½¯è¿æ¥ï¼ 以ç¸å¯¹è·¯å¾çæ¹å¼æå /usr/lib/os-release æä»¶ï¼ ä»¥æä¾åºç¨ç¨åºè¯»å /etc çå¼å®¹æ§ã 软è¿æ¥ä½¿ç¨ç¸å¯¹è·¯å¾æ¯ä¸ºäºé¿åå¨ chroot æ initrd ç¯å¢ä¸- 失æã

os-release çå容åºå½ä»ç±åè¡ççä¾åºåè®¾ç½®ï¼ ç³»ç»ç®¡çåä¸è¬ä¸åºè¯¥ä¿®æ¹æ- ¤æ件ã

å ä¸ºæ¤æ件ä»ç¨äºæä½ç³»ç»è¯å«ï¼ æ以å¿é¡»ç¦æ- ¢åå«ä»»ä½éè¦æ¬å°åçå容(ä¹å°±æ¯ç¦æ¢åå«éASCIIå符)ã

/etc/os-release ä¸ /usr/lib/os-release å¯ä»¥æ¯è½¯è¿æ¥ï¼ ä½æ¯å¿é¡»å¨é¨ä½äºæ ¹æ件系ç»ä¸ï¼ 以确ä¿å¨ç³»ç»åå¯å¨æ¶å³å¯è¯»åå¶å容ã

æ´å¤æå³ os-release ççè§£ï¼ è¯·åé Announcement of /etc/os-release [1]

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å¯ä»¥å¨ os-release ä¸ä½¿ç¨ä¸åæä½ç³»ç»è¯å«å段ï¼

NAME=

ä¸å¸¦çæ¬å·ä¸éå人类é读çæä½ç³»ç»å称ãè¿æ¯å¿å¡«å段ãä¾å¦ï¼ "NAME=Fedora" æ "NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"" ã é»è®¤å¼æ¯ "NAME=Linux" ã

VERSION=

æä½ç³»ç»ççæ¬å·ã ç¦æ- ¢åå«æä½ç³»ç»å称ï¼ä½æ¯å¯ä»¥åå«éå人类é读çåè¡ä»£å·ã è¿æ¯å¯éå段ã ä¾å¦ï¼ "VERSION=17" æ "VERSION="17 (Beefy Miracle)""

ID=

å°ååæ¯è¡¨ç¤ºçæä½ç³»ç»åç§°ï¼ ç¦æ¢åå« 0–9, a–z, ".", "_", "-" 以å¤çå符ï¼ç¦æ¢åå«ä»»ä½çæ¬ä¿¡æ¯ã 该å- 段éå被ç¨åºæèæ¬è§£æï¼ä¹å¯ç¨äºçææ件åã è¿æ¯å¿å¡«å段ãä¾å¦ï¼ "ID=fedora" æ "ID=debian" ã é»è®¤å¼æ¯ "ID=linux" ã

ID_LIKE=

ä¸ç³»å空格åéçåç¬¦ä¸²ï¼ å¶ä¸çæ¯ä¸é¡¹é½ç¬¦å ID= å段çè§èï¼ ä¹å°±æ¯ä»åå« 0–9, a–z, ".", "_", "-" å符ã æ¤å- 段ç¨äºè¡¨æå½åçæä½ç³»ç» æ¯ä»åªäº"ç¶åè¡ç"æ´¾çèæ¥ï¼ åå¿ååºä»æ- ¤åè¡çæ´¾çç"ååè¡ç"ï¼ æå顺åºç±è¿å°è¿ï¼ å³ç³»æè¿çåè¡çå称æå¨æåï¼ ç´§å¯åº¦ä¾æ¬¡éåã åºç¨ç¨åºå¦æä¸è½è¯å« ID= å段çåå®¹ï¼ é£ä¹å¯ä»¥åèæ- ¤å段ã è¿æ¯å¯éå段ã æ¯å¦å¯¹äº "ID=centos"æ¥è¯´ï¼ "ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"" å°±æ¯ä¸ä¸ªåçç设置ã èå¯¹äº "ID=ubuntu" æ¥è¯´ï¼ "ID_LIKE=debian" ä¹å¾åçã

VERSION_CODENAME=

å°ååæ¯è¡¨ç¤ºçæä½ç³»ç»åè¡ä»£å·ï¼ ç¦æ¢åå« 0–9, a–z, ".", "_", "-" 以å¤çåç¬¦ï¼ ç¦æ¢åå«ä»»ä½çæ¬ä¿¡æ¯ä»¥åæä½ç³»ç»å称ã 该å- 段éå被ç¨åºæèæ¬è§£æï¼ ä¹å¯ç¨äºçææ件åã è¿æ¯å¯éåæ®µï¼ å¹¶ä¸æäºåè¡çå¯è½ä¸åå¨æ¤å段ãä¾å¦ï¼ "VERSION_CODENAME=buster", "VERSION_CODENAME=xenial"

VERSION_ID=

å°ååæ¯è¡¨ç¤ºçæä½ç³»ç»çæ¬å·ï¼ ç¦æ¢åå« 0–9, a–z, ".", "_", "-" 以å¤çåç¬¦ï¼ ç¦æ¢åå«æä½ç³»ç»å称ä¸åè¡ä»£å·ã 该å- 段éå被ç¨åºæèæ¬è§£æï¼ ä¹å¯ç¨äºçææ件åã è¿æ¯å¯éå段ãä¾å¦ï¼ "VERSION_ID=17" æ "VERSION_ID=11.04"

PRETTY_NAME=

éå人类é读çæ¯è¾æ°å½çåè¡çåç§°ï¼ å¯éçåå«åè¡ä»£å·ä¸ç³»ç»çæ¬ä¹ç±»çä¿¡æ¯ï¼å容æ¯è¾éæã è¿æ¯å¿å¡«å段ã ä¾å¦ï¼ "PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 17 (Beefy Miracle)"" ã é»è®¤å¼æ¯ "PRETTY_NAME="Linux"" ã

ANSI_COLOR=

å¨æ§å¶å°ä¸æ¾ç¤ºæä½ç³»ç»å称çæåé¢è²ã å¿é¡»è®¾ä¸ºç¬¦å ESC [ m ANSI/ECMA-48 转ä¹ä»£ç è§èçå符串ã è¿æ¯å¯éå段ã ä¾å¦ï¼ "ANSI_COLOR="0;31""(红è²) æ "ANSI_COLOR="1;34""(æ·¡è)

CPE_NAME=

æä½ç³»ç»ç"CPEå称"(URIç»å®è¯æ³)ï¼ è¯¦è§ Common Platform Enumeration Specification [2] ææ¡£ã è¿æ¯å¯éå段ãä¾å¦ï¼ "CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:17""

HOME_URL=, SUPPORT_URL=, BUG_REPORT_URL=, PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=

ä¸æä½ç³»ç»ç¸å³çäºèç½å°åã HOME_URL= æä½ç³»ç»ç主页å°åï¼ æèç¹å®äºæ- ¤çæ¬æä½ç³»ç»ç页é¢å°åã SUPPORT_URL= æä½ç³»ç»çæ¯æ页é¢(è¥åå¨)ï¼ ä¸»è¦ç¨äºåè¡åæä¾ææ¯æ¯æç页é¢ã BUG_REPORT_URL= æéæ±æ¥é¡µé¢(è¥åå¨)ï¼ ä¸»è¦ç¨äºåºäºç¤¾åºäºå¨çåè¡çã PRIVACY_POLICY_URL= éç§æ¡æ¬¾é¡µé¢(è¥å- å¨)ã ä¸è¿°URLåºè¯¥åå«åºç°å¨"About this system"çé¢ä¸ç "About this Operating System", "Obtain Support", "Report a Bug", "Privacy Policy" åçé¢ä¸ã è¿äºå段çå¼å¿é¡»ç¬¦å RFC3986 [3] è§èï¼ é常以 "http:" æ "https:" å¼å¤´ï¼ ä½ä¹å¯è½ä»¥ "mailto:" æ "tel:" å¼å¤´ã ä¾å¦ï¼ "HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"" ä¸ "BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/""

BUILD_ID=

ç¨äºåºååä¸çæ¬æä½ç³»ç»çä¸åç¼è¯æ¬¡åºçå¯ä¸æ ç¤ºç¬¦(ä¸ä¼è¢«ç³»ç»æ´æ°æä¿®æ¹)ã 该å段å¨ä¸åç VERSION_ID ä¹é´æå¯è½æ¯ç¸åçï¼ å ä¸º BUILD_ID ä»å¨åä¸çæ¬å·åé¨ä¿æå¯ä¸ã æ¯å½åå¸æ°çæ¬çæä½ç³»ç»æ¶ï¼ åªéè¦æ´æ° VERSION_ID å段å³å¯ï¼å¹¶ä¸ä¸å®å¿é¡»æ´æ° BUILD_ID å段ã è¿æ¯å¯éå段ã ä¾å¦ï¼ "BUILD_ID="2013-03-20.3"" æ "BUILD_ID=201303203"

VARIANT=

éå人类é读çåè¡çåæ¯æ è¯ç¬¦ã ç¨äºåç¨æ·è¡¨æ æ- ¤ç³»ç»çé»è®¤éç½®æ¯ä¸é¨é¢åç¹å®åºç¨åºæ¯çã è¿æ¯å¯éåæ®µï¼ å¹¶ä¸æäºåè¡çå¯è½ä¸åå¨æ¤å段ã ä¾å¦ï¼ "VARIANT="Server Edition"", "VARIANT="Smart Refrigerator Edition"" 注æï¼æ¤å段ä»ç¨äºæ¾ç¤ºç®çï¼ ç¨åºåºè¯¥ä½¿ç¨ VARIANT_ID å段è¿è¡å¯é çå¤æã

VARIANT_ID=

å°ååæ¯è¡¨ç¤ºçåè¡çåæ¯æ è¯ç¬¦ï¼ ç¦æ¢åå« 0–9, a–z, ".", "_", "-" 以å¤çå符ã 该å段éå被ç¨åºæèæ¬è§£æï¼ ä¹å¯ç¨äºçææ件åã è¿æ¯å¯éå- æ®µï¼ å¹¶ä¸æäºåè¡çå¯è½ä¸åå¨æ¤å段ã ä¾å¦ï¼ "VARIANT_ID=server", "VARIANT_ID=embedded"

å¦æè¦å¨ç¨åºä¸æ£æµåè¡çå称åå¶åç§ï¼ é£ä¹å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ ID ä¸ VERSION_ID å- æ®µï¼ å¹¶å° ID_LIKE ç¨ä½ ID çæ¿è¡¥ã å¦ææ³è¦åç¨æ·æ¾ç¤ºåè¡ççåç§°ï¼ é£ä¹å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ PRETTY_NAME å段ã

注æï¼ æ»å¨åå¸çåè¡çå¯è½ä¸ä¼æä¾çæ¬ä¿¡æ¯ï¼ ä¹å°±ç¨åºä¸è½åå® VERSION ä¸ VERSION_ID å段å¿ç¶åå¨ã

æä½ç³»ç»çåè¡åå¯è½ä¸ºæ¤æ件å¼å¥æ°çåæ®µï¼ å¼ºç建议为æ°å¼å¥çå- 段使ç¨ç¹å«çåç¼ä»¥é¿åå²çªã 读åæ¤æ件çç¨åºåºè¯¥è½å¤å®å¨ç忽ç¥ä¸ç解çå- 段ã ä¾å¦ï¼ "DEBIAN_BTS="debbugs://bugs.debian.org/""

ä¾å

NAME=Fedora
VERSION="24 (Workstation Edition)"
ID=fedora
VERSION_ID=24
PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 24 (Workstation Edition)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;34"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:24"
HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"
REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora"
REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=24
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=24
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:PrivacyPolicy
VARIANT="Workstation Edition"
VARIANT_ID=workstation

åè§

systemd(1), lsb_release(1), hostname(5), machine-id(5), machine-info(5)

NOTES

1.

Announcement of /etc/os-release

http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/os-release

2.

Common Platform Enumeration Specification

http://scap.nist.gov/specifications/cpe/

3.

RFC3986

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986

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ç¿»è¯äººåï¼éæ¥å½
éæ¥å½ä½åéï¼http://www.jinbuguo.com
ä¸æ man æå页计åï¼https://github.com/man-pages-zh/manpages-zh

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