FILE

中文man手册

FILE-HIERARCHY

NAME
æè¿°
æ»ä½ç»æ
è¿è¡æ¶æ°æ®
åè¡åæä¾çæä½ç³»ç»èµæº
åºè¯¥æä¹ä¿åçæåç³»ç»æ°æ®
èææä»¶ç³»ç»
å¼å®¹æ§è½¯è¿æ¥
å®¶ç®å½
éç¹æè¿ç¨çåæé
æä»¶ç±»å
ç³»ç»è½¯ä»¶å
ç¨æ·è½¯ä»¶å
åè§
NOTES
è·

NAME

file-hierarchy - æä»¶ç³»ç»å±æ¬¡ç»ææ¦è§

æè¿°

对äºä½¿ç¨ systemd(1) çæä½ç³»ç»æ¥è¯´ï¼ å¶æä»¶ç³»ç»å±æ¬¡ç»æéµå® File System Hierarchy [1] ä¸ hier(7) è§èã æ¬æåä»æè¿°ä¸ä¸ªç¬¦åä¸è¿°è§èçåéï¼ è¯¥åéè¾å°ä¹è¾ç°ä»£ï¼ 并䏿´å ä¸¥æ ¼çéµå®ä¸è¿°è§èã

è®¸å¤æ¬æææè¿°çè·¯å¾é½å¯ä»¥éè¿ systemd-path(1) 工巿¥æ¥è¯¢ã

æ»ä½ç»æ

/

æä»¶ç³»ç»çæ ¹ã é常æ¯å¯åç(ä¹å¯ä»¥æ¯åªè¯»ç)ï¼ å¹¶ä¸å¯ä»¥æ¯ä¸ä¸ª "tmpfs" æä»¶ç³»ç»ã é¤éæ¯åªè¯»çï¼å¦åä¸ä¸å¶ä»ä¸»æºå±äº«ã

/boot

å¯å¨ååºã å¨UEFIç³»ç»ä¸é常æ¯"EFI System Partition"ï¼ åè§ systemd-gpt-auto-generator(8) æåã 该ç®å½é常严格ä½äºæ¬æºçåç½®å- å¨ä¸ï¼ å¹¶ä¸åºè¯¥æ¯åªè¯»ç(é¤ééè¦å®è£åæ ¸æå¼å¯¼ç®¡çå¨)ã ä»å½æä½ç³»ç»è¿è¡å¨ç©çæºæèèæç¡¬ä»¶ä¸æ¶æéè¦æ¤ç®å½ï¼ å ä¸ºè¿ç§æåµä¸å¿é¡»ä½¿ç¨å¼å¯¼ç®¡çå¨ã

/etc

ç¹å®äºè¯¥æä½ç³»ç»çéç½®ã 该ç®å½å¯ä»¥æ¯åªè¯»ç(ä¹å¯ä»¥æ¯å¯è¯»åç)ã é常ç¨äºå卿ä½ç³»ç»åè¡åé¢è®¾çéç½®æä»¶ï¼ 使¯åºç¨ç¨åºä¸åºè¯¥å设该ç®å½ä¸å¿ç¶åå¨æä¸ªéç½®æä»¶ï¼ èæ¯åºè¯¥å¨ææçéç½®æä»¶ä¸åå¨çæåµä¸ï¼ åéå°é»è®¤è®¾ç½®ã

/home

å卿®éç¨æ·çå®¶ç®å½ã å¯ä»¥ä¸å¶ä»æä½ç³»ç»å±äº«ï¼ å¹¶ä¸å¿é¡»æ¯å¯è¯»åç(ä¸è½æ¯åªè¯»ç)ã 该ç®å½å¿é¡»ä»ç¨äºæ®éç¨æ·ï¼ åå¿ç¨äºç³»ç»ç¨æ·(ç³»ç»ç¨æ·ä¸åªæ"root")ã 该ç®å½åå¶å- ç®å½å¯ä»¥å¨å¯å¨è¿ç¨çæ«å°¾æåå¾å¯ç¨ï¼ çè³å¯ä»¥å¨å®æç¨æ·èº«ä»½è®¤è¯ä¹åæåå¾å¯ç¨ã 该ç®å½å¯ä»¥ä½äºåè½åéçç½ç»æä»¶ç³»ç»ä¸ï¼ å æ- ¤ï¼åºç¨ç¨åºä¸åºè¯¥å宿ææä»¶ç³»ç»API卿¤ç®å½ä¸é½å¯ç¨ã åºç¨ç¨åºä¸åºè¯¥ç´æ¥å¼ç¨è¯¥ç®å½åå¶åç®å½ï¼ èæ¯åºè¯¥éè¿é对æ¯ä¸ªç¨æ·è®¾ç½®ç $HOME ç¯å¢å鿥å¼ç¨ï¼ æèæ ¹æ®ç¨æ·æ°æ®åºä¸ç"å®¶ç®å½"åæ®µç弿¥å¼ç¨ã

/root

"root"ç¨æ·çå®¶ç®å½ã å°æ ¹ç¨æ·çå®¶ç®å½æ¾å° /home ä¹å¤æ¯ä¸ºäºç¡®ä¿å³ä½¿å¨ /home ç®å½ä¸å¯ç¨çæåµä¸ï¼ "root"ç¨æ·ä¾ç¶å¯ä»¥æ£å¸¸ç»å½ã

/srv

åå¨å¸¸è§æå¡å¨æ°æ®(è½½è·)çç®å½ï¼ç±æå¡å¨ç®¡çå管çã å¶ä¸çå- ç®å½å¦ä½ç»ç»ï¼æ²¡ææç¡®çè§èã 该ç®å½é常æ¯å¯åçï¼å¹¶ä¸å¯ä»¥ä¸å¶ä»æä½ç³»ç»å±äº«ã 该ç®å½å¯ä»¥å¨å¯å¨è¿ç¨çæ«å°¾æåå¾å¯ç¨ã

/tmp

åæ¾å°ä¸´æ¶æä»¶çç®å½ã é常æè½½ä¸ºä¸ä¸ª "tmpfs" æä»¶ç³»ç»ã åå¿å¨æ- ¤ç®å½ä¸åæ¾ä½ç§¯è¾å¤§çä¸´æ¶æä»¶(åºè¯¥ä½¿ç¨ /var/tmp ç®å½)ã å ä¸ºç³»ç»ä¸çææç¨æ·é½å¯ä»¥è®¿é®è¯¥ç®å½ï¼ æä»¥å¿é¡»ç¡®ä¿è¯¥ç®å½ä»å¯¹ mkstemp(3), mkdtemp(3) ç¸å³ç³»ç»è°ç¨å¯åã 该ç®å½å¨ç³»ç»å¯å¨è¿ç¨ä¸- ä¼è¢«æ¸ç©ºã å¹¶ä¸ï¼å¦æå¶ä¸çæäºæä»¶æç»- é¿æ¶é´ä¸è¢«è®¿é®ï¼é常ä¹ä¼è¢«èªå¨å é¤ã 妿åºç¨ç¨åºåç° $TMPDIR ç¯å¢åéå·²ç»è¢«è®¾ç½®ï¼ é£ä¹åºè¯¥ä½¿ç¨ $TMPDIR ç¯å¢åéçè®¾ç½®ï¼ èä¸åºè¯¥ç´æ¥ä½¿ç¨ /tmp ç®å½(åè§ environ(7) ä¸ IEEE Std 1003.1 [2]

è¿è¡æ¶æ°æ®

/run

ä¸ä¸ªç¨äºåæ¾ç³»ç»è½¯ä»¶è¿è¡æ¶æ°æ®ç "tmpfs" æä»¶ç³»ç»ã 该ç®å½å¨ç³»ç»å¯å¨è¿ç¨ä¸ä¼è¢«æ¸ç©ºã 该ç®å½å¿é¡»æ»æ¯å¯åçï¼ ä½æ¯é常ååºè¯¥ä»èµäºç¹æåºç¨å奿éã

/run/log

è¿è¡æ¶ç³»ç»æ¥å¿ã ç³»ç»ç»ä»¶å¯ä»¥å¨è¿ä¸ªç®å½ä¸åæ¾ç§ææ¥å¿ã 该ç®å½å¿é¡»æ»æ¯å¯åç(å³ä½¿ /var/log ç®å½å°ä¸è½è®¿é®)ã

/run/user

é对æ¯ä¸ªç¨æ·çè¿è¡æ¶ç®å½ã é常é对æ¯ä¸ªç¨æ·åç¬æè½½ä¸ä¸ª "tmpfs" æä»¶ç³»ç»å®ä¾ã 该ç®å½å¿é¡»æ»æ¯å¯åçï¼ å¹¶ä¸å¨ç³»ç»å¯å¨è¿ç¨ä¸- 以å对åºçç¨æ·ç»åºåä¼è¢«èªå¨æ¸ç©ºã åºç¨ç¨åºä¸åºè¯¥ç´æ¥å¼ç¨è¯¥ç®å½ï¼èæ¯åºè¯¥éè¿é对æ¯ä¸ªç¨æ·è®¾ç½®ç $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR ç¯å¢å鿥å¼ç¨ã è¯¦è§ XDG Base Directory Specification [3]

åè¡åæä¾çæä½ç³»ç»èµæº

/usr

åè¡åæä¾çæä½ç³»ç»èµæºã é常åºè¯¥æ¯åªè¯»ç(ä½éå¿é¡»æ¯åªè¯»)ãå¯ä»¥ä¸å¶ä»ä¸»æºå±äº«ã ç³»ç»ç®¡çåä¸åºè¯¥ä¿®æ¹æ¤ç®å½ä¸çåå®¹ï¼ é¤ééè¦å®è£æå¸è½½åè¡åæä¾ç软件åã

/usr/bin

åæ¾åºå½åºç°å¨ $PATH æç´¢è·¯å¾ä¸çç¨æ·å½ä»¤(坿§è¡æä»¶)ã 建议ä»å°å½ä»¤è¡å·¥å·æ¾å°æ¤ç®å½ä¸ï¼ èä¾å¦å®æ¤è¿ç¨ä¹ç±»çéå½ä»¤è¡å·¥å·ï¼ ååºè¯¥æ¾å° /usr/lib ä¸çåç®å½ä¸ã

/usr/include

ç³»ç»åºç C ä¸ C++ API 头æä»¶ç®å½ã

/usr/lib

åæ¾éç¨äºææä½ç³»ç»æçãéæçåè¡åä¸å±æ°æ®ã è¿åæ¬è½¯ä»¶ååé¨ä½¿ç¨ç坿§è¡æä»¶ã 以åä¾å¦å®æ¤è¿ç¨ä¹ç±»çéå½ä»¤è¡å·¥å·ã è¿äºäºè¿å¶æä»¶å¯ç¨äºè¯¥æä½ç³»ç»æ¯æçææä½ç³»ç»æã ä¸è¦å¨æ¤ç®å½ä¸- æ¾ç½®å¬å±åºï¼ èåºè¯¥å°å®ä»¬æ¾å° $libdir ç®å½ä¸(åè§ä¸æ)ã

/usr/lib/arch-id

忾卿龿¥åºï¼ å被称为 $libdir ç®å½ã arch-id çå·ä½åç§°éµå® Multiarch Architecture Specifiers (Tuples) [4] å表çè§èã ä¼ ç»ä¸ï¼$libdir éå¸¸æ¯ /usr/lib ä¸ /usr/lib64 ç®å½ã 该ç®å½ä¸åºè¯¥ç¨äºåæ¾ç¹å®äºæä¸ªè½¯ä»¶çä¸å±æ°æ®ï¼ é¤éè¿äºæ°æ®æ¯ä¸å±äºç¹å®ä½ç³»ç»æçã å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ä¸é¢çå½ä»¤æ¥è¯¢ç¨äºè¯¥ç³»ç»çé¦éä½ç³»ç»æç $libdir çå¼ï¼

# systemd-path system-library-arch

/usr/share

å¨å¤ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åä¹é´å±äº«çèµæºï¼ ä¾å¦ææ¡£ãæåãæ¶åºæ°æ®ãåä½çèµæºã æ- ¤ç®å½ä¸çåç®å½ç»æåæä»¶æ ¼å¼ï¼ åå³äºç¡®ä¿è½¯ä»¶ä¹é´æ- £å¸¸ç¸äºæä½çåç§è§èã

/usr/share/doc

æä½ç³»ç»ä»¥ååç§è½¯ä»¶åçææ¡£ã

/usr/share/factory/etc

åè¡åæä¾çé»è®¤éç½®æä»¶ä»åºã 该ç®å½ä¸åºè¯¥æ¾ç½®åè¡åæä¾çã ææå¯è½æ¾å¥ /etc ç®å½çéç½®æä»¶çåå§é»è®¤æä»¶ã è¿ä¸ªç®å½ä¸»è¦æ¯ä¸ºäºæ¹ä¾¿æ¢å¤é»è®¤è®¾ç½® 以å对æ¯å½åéç½®ä¸é»è®¤éç½®çä¸åã

/usr/share/factory/var

ä¸ /usr/share/factory/etc ç±»ä¼¼ï¼ ç¨äºåæ¾åè¡åæä¾ç /var ç®å½å容çåå§é»è®¤æä»¶ã

åºè¯¥æä¹ä¿åçæåç³»ç»æ°æ®

/var

åºè¯¥æä¹ä¿åçæåç³»ç»æ°æ®ã 该ç®å½å¿é¡»å¯åã 该ç®å½å¯ä»¥é¢åå¡«ååè¡åé¢è®¾çæ°æ®ï¼ 使¯åºç¨ç¨åºå¯ä»¥èªè¡å建æéçæä»¶åç®å½ã å¼ºçæ¨è(ä½éå¿é¡»)æä¹ä¿å- 该ç®å½ä¸çæ°æ®ï¼ ç³»ç»å¿é¡»å¨è¯¥ç®å½ä¸ºç©ºæ¶ä¾ç¶è½å¤æ£å¸¸å¯å¨ï¼ ä»¥æ¯æä¸´æ¶è¿è¡çç³»ç»ã 该ç®å½å¯ä»¥å¨å¯å¨è¿ç¨çæ«å°¾æåå¾å¯ç¨ï¼ å æ- ¤é£äºå¨ç³»ç»å¯å¨æ©æè¿è¡çç»ä»¶ä¸åºè¯¥ä¾èµäºæ¤ç®å½çåå¨ã

/var/cache

åºè¯¥æä¹ä¿åçç³»ç»ç¼åã ç³»ç»ç»ä»¶å¯ä»¥å¨è¯¥ç®å½ä¸æ¾ç½®éå³é®çç¼åã æ¸ç©ºè¯¥ç®å½å¿é¡»ä¸å½±ååºç¨çæ£å¸¸å·¥ä½ (ä½åºç¨å¯ä»¥è±è´¹é¢å¤çæ¶é´é建è¿äºç¼å)ã

/var/lib

åºè¯¥æä¹ä¿åçç³»ç»æ°æ®ã ç³»ç»ç»ä»¶å¯ä»¥å¨è¯¥ç®å½ä¸æ¾ç½®ä¸å±çæ°æ®ã

/var/log

åºè¯¥æä¹ä¿åçç³»ç»æ¥å¿ã ç³»ç»ç»ä»¶å¯ä»¥å¨è¯¥ç®å½ä¸æ¾ç½®ä¸å±çæ¥å¿ã ä¸è¿ï¼æ¨èçæ¹å¼æ¯éè¿ syslog(3) ä¸ sd_journal_print(3) æ¥å£è®°å½æ¥å¿ã

/var/spool

åºè¯¥æä¹ä¿åçç³»ç»éåã ä¾å¦é®ä»¶éåææå°éåã

/var/tmp

åºè¯¥æä¹ä¿åçä¸´æ¶æä»¶(é常ä½ç§¯ä¹æ¯è¾å¤§)ã æ¤ç®å½é常ä½äºæä¹å- å¨è®¾å¤ä¸ï¼å¹¶ä¸å¯ä»¥åå¨è¾å¤§çä¸´æ¶æä»¶ã ç¸æ¯è¾èè¨ï¼/tmp ä¸è¬ä½äºååä¸ï¼ å¹¶ä¸ä»ç¨äºåå¨è¾å°çä¸´æ¶æä»¶ã 该ç®å½å¨ç³»ç»å¯å¨è¿ç¨ä¸ä¸è¬ä¸ä¼è¢«æ¸ç©ºï¼ 使¯ï¼å¦æå¶ä¸- çæäºæä»¶æç»é¿æ¶é´ä¸è¢«è®¿é®ï¼é常ä¹ä¼è¢«èªå¨å é¤ã å ä¸ºç³»ç»ä¸çææç¨æ·é½å¯ä»¥è®¿é®è¯¥ç®å½ï¼ æä»¥å¿é¡»ç¡®ä¿è¯¥ç®å½ä»å¯¹ mkstemp(3), mkdtemp(3) ç¸å³ç³»ç»è°ç¨å¯åã 妿åºç¨ç¨åºåç° $TMPDIR ç¯å¢åéå·²ç»è¢«è®¾ç½®ï¼ é£ä¹åºè¯¥ä½¿ç¨ $TMPDIR ç¯å¢åéçè®¾ç½®ï¼ èä¸åºè¯¥ç´æ¥ä½¿ç¨ /var/tmp ç®å½(åè§ environ(7))ã

èææä»¶ç³»ç»

/dev

设å¤èç¹çæ ¹ç®å½ã é常被æè½½ä¸ºä¸ä¸ª "devtmpfs" æä»¶ç³»ç»å®ä¾ (ä½å¨æ²çæå®¹å¨ä¸å¯è½æ¯å¶ä»ç±»å)ã 该ç®å½ä¸çå容ç±åæ ¸ä¸ systemd-udevd.service(8) å±å管çï¼å¶ä»ä»»ä½ç»ä»¶é½ä¸åºè¯¥ä¿®æ¹æ- ¤ç®å½ä¸çå容ã å¯ä»¥å¨è¯¥ç®å½çåç®å½ä¸åæè½½å¶ä»ç¹å®ç¨éçèææä»¶ç³»ç»ã

/dev/shm

éè¿ shm_open(3) å建çPOSIXå±äº«ååã å ä¸ºå®å¶å®æ¯ä¸ä¸ª "tmpfs" æä»¶ç³»ç»ï¼ æä»¥å¨ç³»ç»å¯å¨è¿ç¨ä¸ä¼è¢«æ¸ç©ºã å ä¸ºç³»ç»ä¸çææç¨æ·é½å¯ä»¥è¯»å该ç®å½ï¼ æä»¥å¿é¡»æ³¨æé¿åæä»¶åå²çªä»¥åå®å¨æ¼æ´(ä¹å°±æ¯æ³¨ææé设置)ã å¯¹äºæ®éç¨æ·ï¼å½å¶éåºç»å½æ¶ï¼å¶å¨è¯¥ç®å½ä¸å建çæä»¶ä¹ä¼è¢«å é¤ã é常ï¼å¨ /run ç®å½(é对系ç»è¿ç¨) æ $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR ç®å½(éå¯¹ç¨æ·è¿ç¨)ä¸ä½¿ç¨ååæ å°æä»¶ï¼ æ¯æ¯ä½¿ç¨POSIXå±äº«åå- æ´å¥½çè§£å³æ¹æ¡ã å ä¸ºè¿äºç®å½ä¸æ¯å¨å±å¯åçï¼ æä»¥ä¸å- 卿件åå²çªä»¥åå®å¨æ¼æ´çé®é¢ã

/proc

æ¾ç¤ºè¿ç¨ä¿¡æ¯ä»¥åå¶ä»åè½çèææä»¶ç³»ç»ã æ- ¤æä»¶ç³»ç»ä¸»è¦ç¨ä½åæ ¸ä¸ç¨æ·äº¤äºççé¢ã è¯¦è§ proc(5) æåã å¯ä»¥å¨è¯¥ç®å½çåç®å½ä¸åæè½½å¶ä»ç¹å®ç¨éçèææä»¶ç³»ç»ã

/proc/sys

è°æ´åæ ¸å项忰çä¸ä¸ªçé¢ã 主è¦éè¿ sysctl.d(5) ä¸- çéç½®æä»¶è¿è¡è®¾ç½®ã ä½å¨æ²çæå®¹å¨ä¸- 该ç®å½é常以åªè¯»æ¹å¼æè½½(ä¹å°±æ¯ç¦æ¢ä¿®æ¹åæ ¸åæ°)ã

/sys

æ¾ç¤ºææå·²åç°è®¾å¤ä»¥åå¶ä»åè½çèææä»¶ç³»ç»ã æ- ¤æä»¶ç³»ç»ä¸»è¦ç¨ä½åæ ¸ä¸ç¨æ·äº¤äºççé¢ã 卿²çæå®¹å¨ä¸- 该ç®å½é常以åªè¯»æ¹å¼æè½½ã å¯ä»¥å¨è¯¥ç®å½çåç®å½ä¸ åæè½½å¶ä»ç¹å®ç¨éçèææä»¶ç³»ç»ã

å¼å®¹æ§è½¯è¿æ¥

/bin, /sbin, /usr/sbin

è¿ä¸ä¸ªè½¯è¿æ¥é½æå /usr/bin 以确ä¿å¯¹ä¼ ç»è·¯å¾çå¼å®¹ã

/lib

è¿ä¸ªè½¯è¿æ¥æå /usr/lib 以确ä¿å¯¹ä¼ ç»è·¯å¾çå¼å®¹ã

/lib64

å¨64ä½ç³»ç»ä¸ï¼ è¿ä¸ªè½¯è¿æ¥æå $libdir 以确ä¿å¯¹ä¼ ç»è·¯å¾çå¼å®¹ã æ¤è½¯è¿æ¥ä»åå¨äºå¨æå è½½å¨ä½äºæ¤è·¯å¾çç³»ç»æ¶æä¸ã

/var/run

è¿ä¸ªè½¯è¿æ¥æå /run 以确ä¿å¯¹ä¼ ç»è·¯å¾çå¼å®¹ã

å®¶ç®å½

ç¨æ·åºç¨å¦ææ³è¦å¨ç¨æ·çå®¶ç®å½ä¸ä¿åæä»¶æç®å½ï¼é£ä¹åºè¯¥éµå®ä¸é¢çè§èã æ³¨æï¼ä¸é¢çæäºç®å½è½ç¶æ¯è¾èå¼±ï¼ ä½æ¯å·²ç»è¢« XDG Base Directory Specification [3] æ ååäºã å¶ä»ä¸ºé«å±æ¬¡ç¨æ·èµæºå®ä¹çä½ç½®åè§ xdg-user-dirs [5] ææ¡£ã

˜/.cache

åºè¯¥æä¹ä¿åçç¨æ·ç¼åã åºç¨å¯ä»¥å¨è¯¥ç®å½ä¸æ¾ç½®éå³é®çç¨æ·ç¼åã æ¸ç©ºè¯¥ç®å½ä¸çç¼åå¿é¡»ä¸å½±ååºç¨çæ£å¸¸å·¥ä½ (ä½åºç¨å¯ä»¥è±è´¹é¢å¤çæ¶é´é建è¿äºç¼å)ã 妿åºç¨ç¨åºåç° $XDG_CACHE_HOME ç¯å¢åéå·²ç»è¢«è®¾ç½®ï¼ é£ä¹åºè¯¥ä½¿ç¨ $XDG_CACHE_HOME ç¯å¢åéçè®¾ç½®ï¼ èä¸åºè¯¥ç´æ¥ä½¿ç¨ ˜/.cache ç®å½ã

˜/.config

åºè¯¥æä¹ä¿åçç¨æ·éç½®ä¸ç¶æã 彿°ç¨æ·å被å建æ¶ï¼è¯¥ç®å½åºè¯¥åå§ä¸ºç©ºææ ¹æ¬ä¸åå¨ã 妿ææçéç½®æä»¶ä¸åå¨äºè¯¥ç®å½ä¸ï¼ é£ä¹åºç¨ç¨åºåºè¯¥åéå°é»è®¤è®¾ç½®ï¼èä¸åºè¯¥ç½¢å·¥ã 妿åºç¨ç¨åºåç° $XDG_CONFIG_HOME ç¯å¢åéå·²ç»è¢«è®¾ç½®ï¼ é£ä¹åºè¯¥ä½¿ç¨ $XDG_CONFIG_HOME ç¯å¢åéçè®¾ç½®ï¼ èä¸åºè¯¥ç´æ¥ä½¿ç¨ ˜/.config ç®å½ã

˜/.local/bin

åæ¾åºå½åºç°å¨ç¨æ·ä¸å±ç $PATH æç´¢è·¯å¾ä¸çç¨æ·å½ä»¤(坿§è¡æä»¶)ã 建议ä»å°å½ä»¤è¡å·¥å·æ¾å°æ¤ç®å½ä¸ï¼ èä¾å¦å®æ¤è¿ç¨ä¹ç±»çéå½ä»¤è¡å·¥å·ï¼ ååºè¯¥æ¾å° ˜/.local/lib ä¸çå- ç®å½ä¸ã 注æï¼å½å¨æ¤ç®å½ä¸åæ¾ç¹å®äºä½ç³»ç»æç坿§è¡æä»¶æ¶ï¼ å¯è½ä¼å ä¸ºä¸å¶ä»ä¸åä½ç³»ç»æçç³»ç»å±äº«å®¶ç®å½èåºç°æéã

˜/.local/lib

å
- æ¾éç¨äºææä½ç³»ç»æçãéæçç¨æ·ä¸å±æ°æ®ãè¿åæ¬è½¯ä»¶ååé¨ä½¿ç¨ç坿§è¡æä»¶ã以åä¾å¦å®æ¤è¿ç¨ä¹ç±»çéå½ä»¤è¡å·¥å·ãè¿äºäºè¿å¶æä»¶å¯ç¨äºè¯¥æä½ç³»ç»æ¯æçææä½ç³»ç»æã ä¸è¦å¨æ¤ç®å½ä¸æ¾ç½®å¬å±åºï¼èåºè¯¥å°å®ä»¬æ¾å° ˜/.local/lib/arch-id ç®å½ä¸(åè§ä¸æ)ã

˜/.local/lib/arch-id

åæ¾ä¸å±äºç¹å®ä½ç³»ç»æç卿龿¥åºã arch-id çå·ä½åç§°éµå® Multiarch Architecture Specifiers (Tuples) [4] å表çè§èã

˜/.local/share

å¨å¤ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åä¹é´å±äº«çèµæºï¼ä¾å¦å¾æ ãåä½çèµæºã æ¤ç®å½ä¸çå- ç®å½ç»æåæä»¶æ ¼å¼ï¼ åå³äºç¡®ä¿è½¯ä»¶ä¹é´æ£å¸¸ç¸äºæä½çåç§è§èã 妿åºç¨ç¨åºåç° $XDG_DATA_HOME ç¯å¢åéå·²ç»è¢«è®¾ç½®ï¼ é£ä¹åºè¯¥ä½¿ç¨ $XDG_DATA_HOME ç¯å¢åéçè®¾ç½®ï¼ èä¸åºè¯¥ç´æ¥ä½¿ç¨ ˜/.local/share ç®å½ã

éç¹æè¿ç¨çåæé

éç¹æè¿ç¨é叏坹大夿°ç®å½é½æ²¡æåæéã

ä½å¯¹äºæ®éç¨æ·çéç¹æè¿ç¨æ¥è¯´ï¼å¯ä»¥åå¥ /tmp, /var/tmp, /dev/shm, $HOME (é常ä½äº /home ä¸), $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR (é常ä½äº /run/user ä¸) ç®å½ã

è对äºç³»ç»çéç¹æè¿ç¨æ¥è¯´ï¼åä»å¯ä»¥åå¥ /tmp, /var/tmp, /dev/shm ç®å½ã å¦æç³»ç»çéç¹æè¿ç¨éè¦å¨ /var æ /run ç®å½ä¸å建ä¸ä¸ªä¸å±çãå¯åå¥çç®å½ï¼ é£ä¹å¯ä»¥å¨å®æ¤è¿ç¨ä¸¢å¼ç¹æä¹ååå建该ç®å½ï¼æèéè¿ tmpfiles.d(5) å¨ç³»ç»å¯å¨æ¶åå建该ç®å½ï¼ æèéè¿æå¡ååæä»¶ä¸ç RuntimeDirectory= æä»¤(è¯¦è§ systemd.unit(5) æå)å建该ç®å½ã

æä»¶ç±»å

Unixæä»¶ç³»ç»æ¯æä¸åçæä»¶èç¹ç±»åï¼ æ®éæä»¶ãç®å½ãè½¯è¿æ¥ãå- 符设å¤ãå设å¤ã 奿¥å(socket)ã管é(FIFO)ã

强ç建议ä»å°è®¾å¤æä»¶æ¾ç½®å¨ /dev ç®å½ä¸ã ä»å°å¥æ¥å- (socket)ä¸ç®¡é(FIFO)æä»¶æ¾ç½®å¨ /run ç®å½ä¸ã èæ®éæä»¶ãç®å½ãè½¯è¿æ¥åå¯ä»¥æ¾ç½®å¨ææç®å½ä¸ã

ç³»ç»è½¯ä»¶å

ç³»ç»è½¯ä»¶åçå¼åèåºè¯¥ä¸¥æ ¼éµå®ä¸é¢çæä»¶å¸å±è§èã ä¸é¢ååºäºåè¡åæä¾çç³»ç»è½¯ä»¶åä¸åç±»æä»¶çæ¨èä½ç½®ï¼

Table 1. ç³»ç»è½¯ä»¶åä¸éææä»¶çæ¨èä½ç½®            

Image grohtml-3015489-1.png

åè¡åæä¾çå¶ä»éæèµæºåºè¯¥åæ¾å¨ /usr/share ç®å½ä¸ï¼ å·ä½çå- æ¾ä½ç½®åºè¯¥éµå®å¶ä»çç¸å³è§èã

åæ¾è½¯ä»¶åè¿è¡æ¶æ°æ®ä»¥åéç½®æä»¶çç¸å³ç®å½å¦ä¸ï¼

Table 2. ç³»ç»è½¯ä»¶åçè¿è¡æ¶æ°æ®ä»¥åéç½®æä»¶çæ¨èä½ç½®            

Image grohtml-3015489-2.png

ç¨æ·è½¯ä»¶å

对äºä¸å±äºç¹å®ç¨æ·ç软件åï¼ å¶åè´®å¨ç¨æ·å®¶ç®å½ä¸- çæä»¶å¿é¡»ä¸¥æ ¼éµå®ä¸é¢çæä»¶å¸å±è§èã æ³¨æï¼å½å®è£å±äºç³»ç»èå´çè½¯ä»¶åæ¶ï¼ åºè¯¥éµå®åé¢"ç³»ç»è½¯ä»¶å"å°èçå¸å±è§èã ä¸é¢ååºäºå½ç¨æ·å¨å¶å®¶ç®å½ä¸- å®è£ä¸å±è½¯ä»¶åæ¶ï¼ ç±åè¡åæä¾çåç§ç±»åçæä»¶å¨ç¨æ·å®¶ç®å½ä¸åºè¯¥å- æ¾çä½ç½®ï¼

Table 3. ç¨æ·è½¯ä»¶åä¸éææä»¶çæ¨èä½ç½®            

Image grohtml-3015489-3.png

åè¡åæä¾çå¶ä»éæèµæºåºè¯¥åæ¾å¨ ˜/.local/share ç®å½ä¸ï¼ å·ä½çå- æ¾ä½ç½®åºè¯¥éµå®å¶ä»çç¸å³è§èã

åæ¾è½¯ä»¶åè¿è¡æ¶æ°æ®ä»¥åéç½®æä»¶çç¸å³ç®å½å¦ä¸ï¼

Table 4. ç¨æ·è½¯ä»¶åçè¿è¡æ¶æ°æ®ä»¥åéç½®æä»¶çæ¨èä½ç½®

Image grohtml-3015489-4.png

åè§

systemd(1), hier(7), systemd-path(1), systemd-gpt-auto-generator(8), sysctl.d(5), tmpfiles.d(5), pkg-config(1), systemd.unit(5)

NOTES

1.

File System Hierarchy

http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_2.3/fhs-2.3.html

2.

IEEE Std 1003.1

http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap08.html#tag_08_03

3.

XDG Base Directory Specification

http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html

4.

Multiarch Architecture Specifiers (Tuples)

https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/Tuples

5.

xdg-user-dirs

http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/xdg-user-dirs/

è·

æ¬é¡µé¢ä¸æçç±ä¸æ man æå页计åæä¾ã

ç¿»è¯äººåï¼éæ¥å½
鿥å½ä½åéï¼http://www.jinbuguo.com
䏿 man æå页计åï¼https://github.com/man-pages-zh/manpages-zh